「太陽花學運」的新聞框架分析：以《聯合報》、《中國時報》、《自由時報》和《蘋果日報》頭版為例

A frame analysis of the front-page coverage on Sunflower Movement: The United Daily News, China Times, Liberty Times and Apple Daily

傅維信(Fu, Wei-Hsin) ； 張裴玲(Chang, Pei-Ling)

《慈濟通識教育學刊》 11期 (2017/03) Pp. 74-107

https://doi.org/10.6755/TCJGE.201703_(11).0003

摘要

2014年3月17日內政部委員會，中國國民黨立法委員張慶忠以30秒之速宣布完成《海峽兩岸服務貿易協議》的委員會審查，引發為期23日的「太陽花學運」。太陽花學運對台灣政治及兩岸關係皆產生重大的影響，許多研究聚焦於網路化社運動員的特性，然而傳統平面新聞媒體的新聞內容仍是網路社群推文的重要來源，因此對傳統新聞媒體的研究仍有其重要性。分析台灣媒體如何報導太陽花學運並檢視其報導角度與框架，為本文的研究目的。本文針對《聯合報》、《中國時報》、《自由時報》以及《蘋果日報》國內四大報，於2014年3月19日到2014年4月11日的頭版報導，共138則新聞，援引框架理論進行新聞標題與內文框架分析，目的在於了解台灣主流平面媒體對於「太陽花學運」之評價為何，並且探究其整體報導框架之推論與詮釋。研究發現，新聞標題55.8%是中立的評價，正反評價合計44.2%；正面評價37%，負面評價僅有7.2%。自由時報對學運的正面評價標題有72%，對學運最友善；中國時報對學運持中立評價標題達85.2%，對學運最為中立。新聞內文的分析顯示，學運人士與馬政府雙方的問題定義、因果詮釋、道德評估、建議方案各有其堅持的前提與命題，主張大相徑庭。框架內涵迥異，但「捍衛民主」與「有利經濟」兩大詮釋框架卻成為兩陣營一致的訴求。從文化共鳴的角度來看，雙方的媒體框架競逐比較同情學生運動的立場，認同學生對黑箱服貿的指控，導致馬政府的框架詮釋處於劣勢，最後被迫「接受人民指揮」。

關鍵字

太陽花學運 ； 網路化社運 ； 框架理論 ； 框架分析

並列摘要

On March 17th, 2014 in the Committee of Ministry of the Interior of the Legislative Yuan, Chang, Ching-Chung, the legislator of Chinese Nationalist Party, accomplished the examination process of Cross-Strait Agreement on Trade in Services with 30 seconds. It leads to a 23-day occupation of Taiwan's Parliament, namely the Sunflower movement. This movement is very important on so many counts. Many studies focus on the characteristics of this networked movement. However, the news stories of the main stream press are one of the major sources of the social media. Therefore, it is important to examine the news of the traditional media. This study tries to unfold the meanings of the Sunflower movement by investigating the front-page news stories and headlines of the main stream newspapers--The United Daily News, China Times, Liberty Times and Apple Daily. The collection of news coverage began on March 19, 2014, and ended on April 11, 2014. The number of news stories is 138. This study uses framing theory as its major theoretical framework and employs frame analysis as its research method. By examining the news coverage of the Sunflower movement, this study intends to reveal the different evaluations and framing strategies regarding the same issue of this influential student movement. This study finds the evaluation of the Sunflower movement via headlines, 55.8% is balanced, 37% is positive and only 7.2% is negative. Liberty Times has supported the movement most and China Times is the most balanced newspaper. The students and the Ma administration have different connotations in their problem definition, causal interpretation, moral evaluation and treatment recommendation. However, they both insist that their interpretations are the best way to defend Taiwan's democracy and benefit Taiwan's economy. Regardless their differences, they share the same frames, namely ＂defend democracy＂ and ＂benefit the economy.＂ Based on cultural resonances, this article suggests that the students have won the battle in the media framing and the Ma administration has conceded at last.

並列關鍵字

the Sunflower movement ； networked movement ； framing theory ； frame analysis