透過您的圖書館登入
IP:3.145.201.71
  • 期刊

是偶然也是必然這就是為何量子力學如此吸引人的原因

Fortuity and Inevitability This Is Why Quantum Mechanics Is So Compelling

摘要


隨著實驗設備與分析能力的提升,十九世紀末的物理學者從實驗中發現許多古典物理無法解釋的現象。例如,為何氫原子光譜會出現規則的系列公式?為何古典理論所推導的黑體頻譜分佈出現發散的結果?原子的模型什麼?…。為了解釋這些古典物理無法說明清楚的實驗現象,二十世紀初的物理學者(普朗克、愛因斯坦、拉賽福、波耳、德布羅意、海森堡、薛丁格、波恩、包立狄、拉克……)陸續的提出許多有別於古典物理卻又不違背古典理論的假設與論述,在不斷的驗證與確認下,經歷了約26年的時間(1900~1926),大多數不成熟的假說被遺棄,而最後留下來的精髓成為量子力學理論建構的基石。本文主要介紹的就是量子物理的演化與量子力學的兩大理論基石『不確定性原理』與『波函數的機率統計詮釋』。雖然『矩陣力學』(量子力學的第一套版本)與『波動力學』(量子力學的第二套版本)是由不同的兩條路徑所得到的兩套力學,起初這兩個看似不協調的理論,最後發現其實是同一件事,只是描述的方式不同罷了,在不確定原理與波函數的統計詮釋的基礎下這兩套力學其實是完全等價的,這奇妙的結果是偶然,也是必然,這就是為何量子力學如此吸引人的原因。

並列摘要


With the upgrading of laboratory equipment and analysis capabilities, physicists found that many phenomena seen in experiments can not be explained by using classical physics. For example, why does the hydrogen atom spectrum show regular series formula? What is the cause of the fine structure of the spectrum? Why does the blackbody spectral distribution results derived from classical theory show divergence? What is the model of the atom? For explaining these strange and special phenomena, physicists in the early twentieth century (Planck, Einstein, Rutherfold, Bohr, de Broglie, Heisenberg, Schrödinger, Born, Pauli, Dirac, and so on) had raised many innovative hypotheses and concepts. After continually verified and validated for about 26 years (from 1900 to 1926), most immature hypotheses and concepts were abandoned and the essence of the theory was left and became the cornerstone of the construction of quantum mechanics. This paper describes the evolution of quantum physics and its theoretical foundations of "uncertainty principle" and "statistical probability interpretation."

延伸閱讀