探討休閒動機與心流體驗之關係－以路跑愛好者為例

The Relationships Between Leisure Motivation and Flow Experience-A Case of Enthusiastic Road Runners

唐乾玲(Chien-Ling Tang) ； 湯幸芬(Hsing-Fen Tang)

《旅遊與健康學術研討會論文集》 2014卷 (2014/06) Pp. 70-82

摘要

依據相關統計，台灣每年路跑賽事多達400場，踴躍的參賽人口讓跑步成為新休閒趨勢。本研究目的係探究路跑愛好者，吸引並參與跑步活動的動機？依據休閒動機中自我酬賞（self-reward）的觀點來呼應Csikszentmihalyi的「flow experience心流體驗」理論，探索動機與心流體驗兩者間的差異。研究設計應用「休閒動機量表」，計有智力性、社交性、勝任－熟練性與刺激－逃避性四個構面；「流暢體驗量表」則區分為挑戰與技巧平衡、身心合一、目標清楚、立即回饋、完全掌控、全神貫注、自我意識喪失、時間感扭曲與自我酬賞九構面；「三路徑心流感受」將跑者區分出焦慮、心流、無聊不同屬性，以結構式問卷進行資料蒐集。收案完成於2014-3-30New balance大型路跑賽事21K完賽後，以立意取樣方式向平日建立跑步習慣的跑者現地收案，共發放320份問卷，有效回收297份，透過SPSS20.0統計軟體進行描述性統計、獨立樣本ｔ檢定、ANOVA及皮爾森相關分析。研究結果顯示跑者在休閒動機與心流體驗各構面間皆有顯著正向相關（p＜.01），心流體驗中自我酬賞與休閒動機中勝任－熟練性的相關性最大（r=.655），其次是刺激－逃避性（r=.604）；時間感扭曲相較於心流其他構面與休閒動機的相關性最小。心流屬性跑者相較焦慮與無聊屬性的跑者，在心流體驗各構面上呈現顯著意義（p＜.05），唯獨在「時間感扭曲」對三種屬性的跑者較不顯著（p=.083）。研究貢獻是期望透過本研究結果能提供民眾喜好跑步並持續運動的誘因，建立運動習慣，獲得健康。

關鍵字

休閒動機 ； 心流體驗

並列摘要

According to related statistics, Taiwan's annual road race events for up to 400 games, participating actively in the running to become the new demographic make casual trend. The purpose of this study to explore road race enthusiasts, attracting and motivation to participate in running events? Leisure motivation based on self-reward to echo the views Csikszentmihalyi's ＂flow experience＂ theory of motivation and flow experience to explore the differences between the two. Research design application ＂Leisure Motivation Scale＂, namely intelligence, sociability, competence-Mastery and stimulus-avoidance of four dimensions; ＂Flow State Scale＂ is divided into the challenge-skills balance‚ action-awareness merging , clear goals, unambiguous feedback, concentration on the task at hand, sense of control, loss of self-consciousness, transformation of time and autotelic nine dimensions.; ＂three paths flow by＂ runners will distinguish anxiety, flow, boredom different attributes to the structural formula questionnaire to collect data. Closing the case was completed in 2014-3-30 New balance large 21K road race events after the game finished, purposive sampling to establish the running habit weekdays runners to close the case now, a total of 320 questionnaires, 297 effective recovery through SPSS20. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis statistical software. The results showed that runners in leisure motivation and flow experience between the various facets individually significant positive correlation (p＜.01), flow experience in autotelic and leisure motivation competence - mastery maximum correlation (r=.655), followed by stimulation - avoidance (r=.604); transformation of time compared to other institutions face in the flow experience correlation smallest leisure motivation. Flow type runners compared to anxiety and boredom type runners had significant meaning each dimension (p＜.05), except in the ＂transformation of time,＂ the three type runners less significant (p=.083). Research contributions are expected through the results of this study can provide incentives and public preferences run continuous movement, the establishment of exercise habits, get healthy.

並列關鍵字

leisure motivation ； flow experience