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中國愛國網紅的民族主義之形成與內涵:以周小平文章的內容分析為例

The formation of "nationalism of patriotic online celebrity" and its implication in China: The content analysis of Zhou Xiaoping's papers

摘要


中國大陸的「官方民族主義」與「網路民族主義」之間,二者存在既互補又分離的矛盾,前者需要後者展現愛黨愛國,然而後者卻時而超過官方的控制範圍,甚至對於官方產生批評之聲。近年來社交媒體橫空出世,中共視這類新興媒體(微信)為重要的輿論陣地,在其尚未能完全掌控之前,為了引導網路上對外的輿論,需要民間寫手的助力,而受到官方支持、並由網路紅人所建構的「愛國網紅民族主義」,即是在此脈絡下形成。本文試圖探討愛國網紅民族主義之內涵,以親官方的網路紅人─周小平─發表的文章為例,透過內容分析法檢視其對中國與其他國家的態度/立場。研究結果顯示,在分析的506篇文章之中,周小平對中國大陸和非中國大陸國家或地區持有明顯的不同態度,談及前者時多集中於讚揚,其中政治類話題的讚揚比例最高(且無任何批評);對於後者而言則多為批評。值得注意的是,周小平對於中國大陸民眾的評價(不管是讚揚或批判),多集中於社會文化類的話題,而對於政治類的話題,則表現出中立,這也顯示出,在周小平看來,人民應該要無涉於政治。周小平的民族主義是一種「維護既有政權的民族主義」,對內是護黨愛國,對外是反美批日,而對比於早期的網路民族主義,這種民族主義已不存在批評國內事務的觀點。

並列摘要


There is a contradiction between the "official nationalism" and "cyber nationalism" in mainland China. The former requires the latter to show the loyalty and patriotism to the party-state, but the latter sometimes exceeds the official control, even producing criticism to for the official. In recent years, social media has emerged. The CCP regards such emerging media (WeChat) as an important sensor for the public opinion. Before it can be fully controlled, in order to guide the public opinion on the Internet, CCP needs the help of folk writers. The "nationalism of patriotic online celebrity", which was supported by the official and constructed by online celebrity, is formed in this context. This paper attempts to explore the connotation of "nationalism of patriotic online celebrity". The research object is based on articles published by the pro-official celebrity, Zhou Xiaoping, and examines his attitude/position towards China and other countries by content analysis. The results of the study show that, among the 506 articles analyzed, Zhou Xiaoping has the significance difference of attitude between China and non-China countries or regions. When talking about the former, he is more focused on praise, and the political topic has the highest praise rate (and There is no criticism); for the latter, it is mostly criticism. It is worth noting that Zhou Xiaoping's evaluation of the mainland Chinese people (whether praise or criticism) is mostly focused on social and cultural topics, while on political topics, it is neutral, which also shows that in Zhou Xiaoping's view people who live in China have nothing to do with politics. Zhou Xiaoping's nationalism is a kind of "nationalism that maintains the existing political power", which is patriotism and the protection of the party. In contrast to the early Internet nationalism, this nationalism has no criticism of domestic affairs.

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