民主與批判的美學人文主義如何可能：試論薩依德的人文主義

Is Aesthetic Humanism as Democracy and Criticism Possible: Edward Said's Humanism as an Example

王賀白(Herbert Wang)

《傳播文化與政治》 10期 (2019/12) Pp. 1-42

摘要

本文將薩依德的學識遺產放到一個更大的哲學背景中。在認識論上，薩依德闡述自我認識必須由自我批評構成，並且認知到總體知識總是虛幻的永恆批判觀點；而在倫理學上，透過後殖民論述檢視社會主義與自由主義傳統的侷限，並提出一種空間地理學的民主人文主義；最後則回到語文與音樂的美學。過去西方正典論強調的必讀經典文本，如今已漸失說服力，因為這世上還有其他可學習的文化傳統。另外他與巴倫波因集合以色列與阿拉伯世界年輕音樂家合組西東詩篇管絃樂團，嘗試用音樂扮演兩邊的溝通橋樑。如今，在全球化與排外主義的抗衡下，民主批評、甚至是美學的人文主義是否可能？本文嘗試說明，在薩依德融合真善美的信念下，試圖描繪出具有普世價值的人文主義前景。

關鍵字

人文主義 ； 民主 ； 批判 ； 後殖民主義 ； 美學

並列摘要

The Edward Said intellectual legacy will be primarily political. But the last completed book Humanism and Democratic Criticism he wrote, allows us to situate this legacy in the larger philosophical setting of his humanism. The one discussion in my article is of an epistemological cast, Said believed that self-knowledge is unattainable without an equal degree of self-criticism. The other is an ethical argument, a more democratic form of humanism-one that aims to incorporate, emancipate, and enlighten-is attainable. Once-sacred literary canon that associated with Euro-centralism and even imperialism is now more likely to be ridiculed than revered. Therefore, Said proposed the return to philology and music as the supplement about aesthetics. Said contended that words are not merely passive reception figures but vital resistance agents. On the other hand, the ＂West-Eastern Divan＂ orchestra was an aim of combining the sharing of knowledge and comprehension between people from cultures that traditionally have been rivals. In this time of heightened contradiction between globalization and exclusiveness, is the critical, democratic even aesthetic humanism possible and still effective? This project tries to demonstrate his legacy that provides a persuasive case for humanistic education on our shared intellectual heritage.

並列關鍵字

humanism ； democracy ； critique ； post-colonialism ； aesthetics