出埃及記32:1-6金牛犢的身分與錯誤的敬拜

The Identity of the Golden Calf and Wrong Worship in Exodus 32:1-6

林彩雲(Tsai-yun Lin)

《台灣神學論刊》 44期 (2017/06) Pp. 1-38

https://doi.org/10.29756/TJT.201706_(44).0002

摘要

有關出埃及記三十二章中金牛犢的身分，學者們並沒有一致的看法。金牛犢被視為是摩西的替代者、雅威的台座、雅威的使者、雅威的象徵、雅威的像、其他古代近東神明們的象徵（例如，埃及的Rē或Apis、迦南的El或巴力Baal、米所波大米亞的月神Sin）等。本文的作者基於希伯來文文法、聖經的經文、希臘文《七十士譯本》、敘利亞文《別西大譯本》、和拉丁文《武加大譯本》的證據，提議金牛犢是代表雅威的像和其他神明的像。為了除去心中的害怕及給予安全感，以色列百姓要亞倫為他們造神像。以色列百姓不信神會繼續照顧他們，將活的神降格為他們可以控制的像。他們違反了神的第一和第二誡命，及神對以色列民敬拜的設計。未遵守神禁止他們拜偶像及為神造神像，取而代之的獻祭給亞倫做的金牛犢，並從事宗教的縱慾和狂歡，是自我中心的錯誤敬拜。在亞洲的許多國家，多神崇拜、算命和占星術……等是很普遍的。甚至有一些認識神不深的基督徒，因對未來沒把握及害怕，也深受多神崇拜及非基督徒的影響，去算命或看風水。這與金牛犢事件中以色列百姓因摩西長時間不在，對未知的未來害怕，轉而敬拜當時普遍的牛犢神明一樣。此研究另一目標也為了幫助個別的基督徒和教會檢驗他們的敬拜，是否是以神為中心，討神喜悅的合宜敬拜，還是以人為中心不蒙神喜悅的敬拜？

關鍵字

金牛犢的身分 ； 錯誤的敬拜 ； 十誡的第一誡 ； 十誡的第二誡 ； 西乃山

並列摘要

There is no consensus among scholars concerning the identity of the golden calf in Exodus 32. The golden calf has been considered to be a substitute for Moses, the pedestal of Yahweh, the messenger of Yahweh, a representative of Yahweh, the image of Yahweh, gods of Ancient Near East (for example, the Egyptian god Rē or Apis, the Canaanite god El or Baal, or the moon god Sin of Mesopotamia). The writer of this article proposes that the golden calf is a representation of both the image of Yahweh and other god(s) based on the grammatical evidence, biblical texts, LXX (the Greek version of the Old Testament), Peshitta (the Syriac version), and the Vulgate (the Latin version). The Israelites want Aaron to make gods for them in order to get rid of their fear and give them security. They were not convinced that Yahweh would or could take care of them. They reduced the revelation of the living God to an image they could control. They violated the first and second commandments of God, and God's design for Israel's worship. Instead of obeying God's forbiddance of worshiping idols and making an image of God, they sacrifice to the golden calf that Aaron makes and engage in a religious orgy. This is a self-centered false worship. In many countries in Asia, polytheism, fortune-telling, astrology, etc. are prevalent. Even some Christians who do not know God well are influenced by the polytheism and practices of non-Christians out of fear of uncertainties of the future. They go to fortune-tellers or seek the advice of geomancers who are experts of ＂feng shui.＂ This is similar to the Israelites who feared the unknown future because of Moses' absence and turned to worship of the golden calf that was prevalent at that time. This study is intended to help individual Christians and churches to examine their worship, whether they are engaged in God-centered proper worship that pleases God or man-centered false worship that displeases him.

並列關鍵字

The identity of the Golden Calf ； false worship ； the First Commandment of the Decalogue ； the Second Commandment of the Decalogue ； Mount Sinai