在猶耶對話視域中再思彌賽亞觀念：管窺彌賽亞觀念從聖經到早期基督教及猶太拉比文獻中的演變

A Retrospective Survey of the Idea of Messiah in the Light of the Dialogue between Judaism and Christianity: From the Bible to the Literature of Early Christianity and Classical Rabbinate Judaism

陸紅堅(Hong-jian Lu)

《台灣神學論刊》 44期 (2017/06) Pp. 39-65

https://doi.org/10.29756/TJT.201706_(44).0003

摘要

本文試圖透過管窺近年來西方學者的研究成果，綜覽彌賽亞在舊約、死海古卷與次經、偽經、新約與早期教父著作、猶太拉比文獻中的出現、發展。並從猶－耶比較的視域中，重新認識彌賽亞這一觀念在聖經中的呈現，及對基督教信仰的意義。本文主要圍繞三大議題來討論：一、彌賽亞是誰？二、彌賽亞的任務是什麼？三、彌賽亞及國度∕救贖∕新創造對我們今天信仰生活的意義。近半個世紀，基於對死海古卷等猶太文獻的研究，基督教學術對彌賽亞的相關議題，作出了很大的反省和修正。一方面更強調回到舊約聖經文本的宗教、歷史、文化處境中去詮釋這些議題；另一方面，更注重在猶太背景下，看待早期基督教的起源與發展。這些研究成果，有助於我們正本清源。本文提出三點結論：一、避免「彌賽亞主義」，平衡現世與終末的關係；二、反思律法與彌賽亞國度的關係，從律法的角度理解基督的彌賽亞身份，重新審視律法在基督教信仰中的位置。三、彌賽亞的新創造，不僅落實在個體的救贖上，也落實在社會的層面。也就是，應當更熱切地盼望一個和平與公義的彌賽亞國度，並且用這樣的盼望來調整信仰生活及實踐。

關鍵字

彌賽亞 ； 猶－耶對話 ； 律法 ； 國度 ； 終末

並列摘要

This article attempts to survey the recent achievements by western scholars regarding the formulation and development of the idea of Messiah in the Old Testament, Dead Sea Scrolls, apocrypha and pseudepigraph, the New Testament and the works of the early Church Fathers, and the Rabbinate literature, and hopes to gain new understanding of it and its implications for Christian faith in the light of the dialogue between Judaism and Christianity. The article focuses on three issues: (1) Who is the Messiah? (2) What is the mission of the Messiah? (3) What are the implications of the Messiah's Kingdom/ redemption/New Creation for Christian faith today? During the past half-century, along with the vigorous study of the Dead Sea Scrolls and other Jewish literature, Christian scholarship has made deep reflections on this issue and many adjustments have been made. On the one hand, emphasis has been put on the importance of interpreting the idea in the religious, historical and cultural context of the Old Testament and, on the other hand, the need to view the origin and development of the early Christianity against its Jewish background has been stressed. Three conclusions are made in this article: (1) We should avoid the ＂Messianism＂ and balance the relationship between the present world and the eschaton; (2) We should think over the relation of the Law to the Messiah Kingdom, and its significance for Christian faith; (3) The New Creation brought by the Messiah should be fulfilled not only in the dimension of personal redemption, but also particularly in the social dimension, which means, we should earnestly welcome a peace and just Messiah Kingdom and adjust our faith and practice according to it.

並列關鍵字

Messiah ； Judaism and Christianity dialogue ； the Law (Torah) ； Kingdom ； eschaton