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油的種類與來源之分析與判識

Analysis and Identification of Oil Types and Sources

摘要


從地底下開採出來的原油種類依其API比重可分為凝結油、輕質油、重油等。這些不同性質原油的形成與其來源有機物質、沉積環境、以及地質活動有關。要辨識這些油的種類與來源,可使用地球化學分析方法來進行對比;包括整體對比法,以及分子間對比法等。探討油的來源時通常先使用這些化學方法進行油−油對比,比較不同層位或井位所採集的原油是否有相同性質並進行分類;之後進行油−岩對比,將油的結果與可能的生油岩萃取物進行比對,以辨識生油岩層位。瞭解油的來源之後,可建立一個產油盆地的石油系統,描述油氣的生、排、移、聚過程,指導後續探勘工作進行。

並列摘要


Oils taken from the underground could be identified to condensates, crude oils, and heavy oils according to their API specific gravity. The different chemical characters of these oils depend on the organic matter sources, sedimentary environment, and geological processes. The geochemical analysis including the bulk and molecular methods could be applied to identify the oil types and their sources. First, these geochemical methods are applied to the oil-oil correlation in order to separate the different oil types. Then the oil-rock correlation is applied to find the source rock. After the discrimination of the source rock, the petroleum system of the oil-producing basin could be revealed that will guide the further exploration.

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