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同步輻射蛋白質結晶學在生命科學的應用與發展

Application and Development of Life Science in Synchrotron Protein Crystallography

摘要


每個生命個體都具有一個特殊的遺傳訊息,以便生物可以一代傳一代讓物種延續保存。為了維持生命,關鍵就是吸收與使用能量,於是生物體便藉著攝取食物來提供其需求能量的來源,並利用獲得的能量使得各種生理作用能順利進行。由食物萃取能量提供細胞使用的過程中包含許多化學反應,每個步驟中都需要酵素幫助反應的進行,而酵素即為我們熟知的蛋白質,細胞會根據不同的生理需求,表現出不同的蛋白質來控制生理功能該如何運作,因此蛋白質在生命運作中扮演著非常重要的角色。透過特定的遺傳密碼訊息,可轉譯出具有功能性的蛋白質,而研究這些巨大分子最直接的方式,就是瞭解他們的長相,也就是三維空間的立體結構,藉由同步加速器光源的蛋白質結晶學設施研究,可迅速精準得到蛋白質完整的立體結構資訊。例如與葉酸代謝息息相關的酵素,N10-甲醯基四氫葉酸去氫酶,以及新型綠色螢光蛋白asFP504的結構解析,讓我們更了解它們如何參與反應和可被應用的地方。在台灣新建造的台灣光子源具有超高亮度同步加速器光源,不僅提升了國際競爭力,其蛋白質結晶學設施也幫助科學家在生物醫學領域中開創無限新願景。

並列摘要


To keep alive, all organisms need many kinds of physiological functions working normally with the corresponding mechanisms comprising many chemical reactions. Proteins are involved in each chemical reaction and play decisive roles. One of the best methods to understand the functions and mechanisms of the proteins is to study their 3D structures at atomic resolution. The synchrotron- radiation-based protein crystallography facility is the most powerful tool to determine the protein structures. For examples, the structural analysis of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (FDH) reveals the mechanism of the folate metabolism, and the structure of the green fluorescent protein, asFP504, allow scientist to investigate its characterization and fluorescent reaction for biotech application. In Taiwan, beside TLS (Taiwan Light Source), the new TPS (Taiwan Photo Source) is one of the brightest synchrotron X-ray sources worldwide. The protein crystallography facilities in TPS will help the scientists to create a new vision of structural biology.

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