共價有機骨架的合成與應用

Synthesis and Applications of Covalent Organic Frameworks

湯智強(Jhih-Ciang Tang) ； 黃得維(Te-Wei Huang) ； 陳登豪(Teng-Hao Chen)

《化學》 76卷4期 (2018/12) Pp. 271-284

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.201812_76(4).005

摘要

共價有機骨架為新興的孔洞材料，是一種具結晶性的孔洞高分子，其合成主要利用動態共價化學，將特定構型的有機小分子經由可逆的共價鍵連接而形成。共價有機骨架具有剛性的孔洞結構及高孔洞率，可被模組化設計，且可利用有機合成調整其官能基、拓撲結構、化性與物性。在此回顧文章中，首先介紹共價有機骨架的合成原理、鍵結方式、二維與三維結構，及製備方法，並探討其在氣體儲存與分離、催化劑、能源儲存與轉換、光電元件、感測器、藥物傳遞等應用的發展。

關鍵字

共價有機骨架 ； 孔洞材料 ； 高分子 ； 動態共價化學 ； π-π堆疊

並列摘要

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of crystalline porous polymers in which organic building blocks with specific geometries are connected through reversible covalent bond formation. The synthesis and development of COFs strongly rely on dynamic covalent chemistry. COFs feature rigid porous structures, high porosity, and high modularity. Their functionalities, topologies, as well as chemical and physical properties can be fine-tuned via organic synthesis. This review introduces the synthesis principles, linkage types, two- and three-dimensional structures, and processing of COFs. Furthermore, insights into the growing applications of COFs, including gas storage and separations, catalysis, energy storage and conversion, optoelectronics, sensing, and drug delivery are discussed.

並列關鍵字

Covalent organic frameworks ； Porous materials ； Polymers ； Dynamic covalent chemistry ； π-πstacking