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奈米高分子結構載體於藥物傳輸之應用

Nano-sized Structured Polymers for Drug Delivery Applications

摘要


隨著生物技術的發展,各種類型的藥物不斷地被開發並應用於不同類型的疾病治療,這些藥物通常會具有不同的化學性質或是分子尺寸,為了使藥物能夠被精準地傳送至目標細胞,同時在預設的時間展現其生物活性,藥物載體的使用是不可避免的。近年來,高分子材料在藥物載體應用上扮演了相當重要的角色,具有新穎化學結構之高分子陸續地被成功開發,且進一步地轉換為獨特的奈米結構,如奈米微粒、中空膠囊、樹枝狀結構及奈米纖維等,隨後透過表面化學修飾製備功能性載體材料並應用於各種不同類型的藥物傳遞。這些新型高分子載體的使用將使得所裝載之藥物具有所需之藥理特性,控制釋放性質,標靶功能及螢光顯影能力等,這些新型的高分子載體更能進一步與無機奈米粒子形成有機/無機複合載體,而將更多的生物功能整合於單一載體,進而有效地增進裝載藥物的治療效果,同時降低其對人體的副作用,更能賦予載體智慧釋放的特性。基於此點,本文將就針對五大方向進行回顧,包括了1)生物可裂解高分子在高分子載體系統的應用,2)應用於高分子載體系統的高分子結構,3)具有訊號響應功能之高分子載體系統,4)具有標靶功能之高分子載體系統,及5)具有多重生物功能之高分子/無機奈米微粒複合載體。

並列摘要


With the development of biotechnology, various types of drugs with distinct molecular sizes and chemical properties have been developed for addressing different kinds of diseases. In order to precisely delivery drugs into targeted cells and to retain their bioactivity, the use of drug carriers is highly required. In recent years, polymers have played a very important role in drug carriers. A myriad of new polymers have been created, followed by converting them into unique structured nanocarriers such as nanoparticles, nanocapsules, dendrimers and nanofibers and conducting surface modification of the resulting nanocarriers. These newly developed polymeric carriers enable their loaded drugs with needed pharmacokinetics, controlled release property, targeted function and imaging ability. Furthermore, polymers can be utilized to constitute multifunctional polymer/inorganic hybrid nanocarriers for the loaded drugs with an enhanced therapeutic efficiency and reduced side effects. In this context, this review was written in terms of biodegradable polymers, structured polymeric carriers, stimuli-responsive polymeric carriers, targeted polymeric carriers and multi-functional polymer/inorganic nanoparticle hybrid carriers.

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