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大地豐富的金屬硫族化合物光伏電池:銅鋅錫硫(CZTS)

Earth-abundant Metal Chalcogenides Based Photovoltaics: Cu_2ZnSnS_4 (CZTS)

摘要


發展再生能源是世界之趨勢,而薄膜太陽能電池為再生能源重點發展之一,其原理是利用光伏效應將光能轉化為電能。目前銅銦鎵硫硒Cu(In, Ga)(S, Se)_2(CIGSSe)與碲化鎘(CdTe)化合物半導體的薄膜太陽能電池最高能源傳換效率可大於20%,且由於這類薄膜材料光譜響應範圍較寬、吸收係數高,故對弱光的敏感度高,具有在弱光下發電的能力,所以其有效發電時間比矽晶電池長的多。但因為鎘(Cd)為有毒元素且銦(In)、鎵(Ga)、碲(Te)含量稀少,因此使其無法達到兆瓦級(terawatt)的全球功耗需求。因此發展廉價、大地含量豐富的薄膜太陽能電池材料得到了廣泛關注。而新一代金屬硫族化合物:銅鋅錫硫硒Cu_2ZnSn(Se, S)_4(CZTSSe)由於它的組成全是大地豐富、無毒的元素且同時具有與CIGSSe類似的光電特性,將是最具潛力的替代光伏能源材料之一。

並列摘要


The development of renewable energy is a trend in the world. And developing thin-film solar cells, which utilize photovoltaic effect to convert light energy into electrical energy, will play a key role in the global trend. Chalcogenide based thin-film photovoltaics such as CdTe and Cu(In,Ga)Se_2 (CIGSe) have achieved remarkable over 20% power conversion efficiency (PCE). These thin-film materials have wide spectral response ranges and high absorption coefficients, so they are sensitive to weak light. However, the toxicity of cadmium (Cd), and the scarcity of indium (In) and tellurium (Te) may restrict the production capacity for a growing worldwide power consumption (~terawatt). Therefore, the development of low-cost, earth-abundant thin-film solar cells have attracted a lot of attention. A new generation metal chalcogenides: Cu_2ZnSn (Se,S)_4 (CZTSSe) will be one of the most potential alternative photovoltaic energy materials due to its abundant, non-toxic elements and providing desirable optoelectronic properties, similar to CIGSSe.

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