晉作州兵與政在侈家考論

晉呂甥在惠公韓原敗績被俘後，提出作爰田、作州兵的變革，使國中貴族欣悅，而甲兵益多。十多年間，晉文公擴編兵員，作三軍而城濮之戰稱霸諸侯，次年作三行禦狄，而後化編為五軍，不足二十年由二軍擴大成五軍，威鎮中原，作州兵奠定良基是其關鍵。作爰田提升經濟財源，使得作州兵得以正面發展。但作州兵使晉國國勢強盛，卻又導致公室卑弱，政在侈家權臣。作爰田開發田地擴及邑聚之間的州地。作州兵使居於邑外，原先不必服兵役的州中野人成地方兵團士卒；所以作州兵提升了晉國國力，也因累積軍功的卿大夫增加封邑而掌控了州兵與私屬，導致公室卑弱而政柄在卿大夫之家。春秋時期晉國的州：有戎族所居之地，有邊鄙區域之地，而人口增加後，開發邑與邑之間的隙地，這開發的新地區即作州兵的州；晉侯賞賜邑聚給建軍功的貴族，也兼及邑與邑之間州地。呂甥作州兵的目的，在甲兵益多，目的很快達到，而州兵逐步掌握在「國人」之手，終成卿大夫私屬。卿大夫將宗族成員與私屬納入軍中成骨幹，造成權勢增強，導致公室卑弱，世卿強大，政在侈家；這是制度設計者始料所不及的。史事可資借鏡在此。

關鍵字

左傳；晉惠公；作州兵；作爰田；政在侈家

並列摘要

After being defeated in Han Yuan, Luzhen of Jin Country proposed the transformation of Putian and set up the state soldier, which made the nobles of the country happy, and the soldiers were more beneficial. For more than ten years, Jin Wengong expanded his army to be the three armies and dominate princes. In the following year, he made three lines, and later he was converted into the five Army. In less than 20 years, he was expanded into the five army from second army. It is the key to laying a good foundation for dominate princes. Therefore, set up the state soldier improved the national strength of the Jin Country, and private ownership also controlled the Country because of the increase in control of the military. It caused the prince of Jin Country to be weak and the government was in the nobles. The STATE of Jin Country in the Spring and Autumn Period had multiple meanings. The purpose of Luzhen of Jin Country proposed the transformation of Putian and Zhoutian, was to set up more army. The purpose was quickly reached. The soldiers gradually mastered the hand of the nobles and eventually became privately owned by nobles. Set up local military resulting in the nobles increase in power, also resulting in the weak of the central of Jin Country. This is what the system designer did not expect.

並列關鍵字

Zuo Chuan ； Jin Huigong ； set up Local Military ； Putian ； Aristocratic regime

國際替代計量

晉作州兵與政在侈家考論

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