農業環境中三唑類農藥之監測及安全評估

Survey and Safety Evaluation of Triazole Pesticide in Agricultural Environments

初建(Chien Chu) ； 林浩潭(Hao-Tan Lin) ； 陳素文(Su-Wen Chen) ； 許得美(De-Mei Hsu) ； 沈季蓉(Chi-Jung Shen)

《臺灣農藥科學》 2期 (2017/06) Pp. 25-40

https://doi.org/10.6671/TPS/2017.002.03

摘要

農藥施用於田間後，可能對環境與生態產生衝擊，長期使用下，勢必累積於環境中或進入地下水體中，對環境造成影響。本研究探討在不同作物耕作模式之環境中，三唑類農藥殘留情形，於臺灣地區芒果生產專業區、農作物雜作區及水稻生產專業區，採集225 個地下水樣品及265 件土壤樣品進行20 種三唑類農藥多重殘留檢測。結果顯示三唑類藥劑檢出種類在不同的耕作環境中並不相同，芒果生產專業區土壤中檢出率依序為三泰隆 (97%) ＞ 四克利 (29%) ＞ 巴克素 (24%)，地下水中檢出率依序為普克利 (70%) ＞ 邁克尼 (59%) = 巴克素 (59%)。雜作區土壤檢出率依序為菲克利 (93%)＞ 普克利 (80%) ＞ 待克利 (59%)，地下水中檢出率依序為待克利 (8%) ＞ 普克利 (2%) =三泰隆 (2%)。水稻區土壤檢出率依序為以菲克利 (36%) ＞ 依普座 (9%) ＞ 待克利 (7%)，地下水中檢出率依序為普克利 (3%) = 四克利 (3%) ＞ 巴克素 (2%)。地下水殘留農藥進行飲用水安全估算，待克利及邁克尼各有1 件超過安全基準。

關鍵字

土壤 ； 地下水 ； 三唑類農藥 ； 殘留

並列摘要

The application of pesticides can have both direct and indirect impacts on the environment. Over the long-term, pesticides can accumulate in ecosystems and irrigation water. We collected a total of 225 irrigation water samples and 265 soil samples from agricultural areas in Taiwan and analyzed them for 20 triazole pesticide residues. Our results showed that triazoles were present in cropping systems that are dependent on soil. The triazole detection rate in soil from mango farming areas were as follows: triadimenol (97%) ＞ tetraconazole (29%) ＞ paclobutrazol (24%). The triazole detection rates in irrigation water from mango farming areas were calculated to be: propiconazole (70%) ＞ myclobutanil (59%) = paclobutrazol (59%). The triazole detection rates in soil from mixed cropping areas from were: hexaconazole (93%) ＞ propiconazole (80%) ＞ difenoconazole (59%), in irrigation water were difenoconazole (8%) ＞ propiconazole (2%) = triadimenol (2%). The triazole detection rates in soil from rice culture areas were: hexaconazole (36%) ＞ epoxiconazole (9%) ＞ difenoconazole (7%). Finally, the triazole detection rates in irrigation water from rice culture areas were: propiconazole (3%) = tebuconazole (3%) ＞ paclobutrazol (2%). We also performed a safety evaluation to quantify pesticide residues in drinking water and found that the concentration of difenoconazole and myclobutanil were above values considered to be safe. This study establishment the background of triazole pesticides in Taiwan environment.

並列關鍵字

soil ； groundwater ； triazole pesticide ； residue