芒果炭疽病之藥劑防治與熱處理

Fungicides and Postharvest Heat Treatment to Control Anthracnose Disease of Mango

段中漢(Chung-hang Duan) ； 張智凱(Chih-kai Chang) ； 王群中(Chun-chung Wang)

《臺灣農藥科學》 3期 (2017/12) Pp. 65-78

https://doi.org/10.6671/TPS/2017.003.05

摘要

芒果炭疽病之防治可分藥劑防治、套袋及採收後處理三階段。從開花到套袋前，噴施殺菌劑，接著以套袋保護果實直到採收。採收後，因炭疽病有潛伏感染現象，尚須作採收後殺菌處理以免果實後熟時發病。本研究就芒果炭疽病防治藥劑之藥效及採收後果實之熱處理殺菌技術進行評估，以期建立本病完整的防治方法。實驗室藥效試驗證實腈硫醌、腈硫克敏、扶吉胺、福賽快得寧、克熱淨、鋅錳乃浦、滅特座、免得爛、快得寧、保粒快得寧、甲基鋅乃浦、腐絕快得寧、得恩地等13種殺菌劑對供試芒果炭疽病菌孢子發芽具完全之抑制作用。而貝芬撲克拉、賽普護汰寧、撲克拉錳、保粒黴素(甲)及撲克拉等5種藥劑雖不能抑制供試病原菌孢子發芽但可完全抑制其附著器形成。田間防治試驗亦證實，上述有效藥劑之腈硫醌、扶吉胺及快得寧等對芒果炭疽病具良好的防治效果。採收後芒果以57℃熱水處理3分鐘能抑制炭疽病之發生且無熱傷害。

關鍵字

芒果炭疽病 ； 化學防治 ； 熱處理

並列摘要

The scheme of controlling mango anthracnose disease needs to integrate fungicide spray, fruit bagging, and postharvest treatment in sequential processes. Laboratory experiments indicated that dithianon, dithianon + pyraclostrobin, fluazinam, fosetyl-aluminium + oxine-copper, iminoctadine triacetate, mancozeb, metconazole, metiram, oxine-copper, polyoxins + oxine-copper, propineb, thiabendazole + oxine-copper, and thiram each could completely inhibit spore germination of the pathogen. In addition, carbendazim + prochloraz, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, manganese prochlorate, prochloraz, and polyoxins were also shown with potential to control the pathogen. They inhibited the appressorium formation while left spore germination unchecked. In a field trial, rotational sprays with dithianon, fluazinam, and oxine-copper in series achieved good performance on disease control. The significance of laboratory screening presented in recommendation of appropriated chemicals for field application was indicated. Postharvest treatment of mango fruits with 57℃ hot water for 3 min effectively prevented the development of anthracnose symptom without heat injury.

並列關鍵字

mango anthracnose ； chemical control ； heat treatment