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臺灣五種果樹炭疽病菌之鑑定、病原性及對殺菌劑之感受性

Identification, Pathogenicity and Fungicide Sensitivity of Colletotrichum Isolates From Five Fruit Crops in Taiwan

摘要


Colletotrichum spp.引起的果樹炭疽病,是臺灣普遍且嚴重的植物病害。炭疽病菌之分類及對防治藥劑的感受性是影響病害發生與防治的關鍵因素。本研究應用分生孢子、菌落形態及多重基因序列比對等屬性,對分離自楊桃(Averrhoa carambola)、葡萄(Vitis vinefera×V. labrusca)、芒果(Mangifera indica)、木瓜(Carica papaya)及蓮霧(Syzygium samarangense)等5種果樹炭疽病菌各2株單孢菌株進行比對分析,鑑定出C. asianum、C. siamense各2株,及C. brevisporum、C. fructicola、C. tropicale、C. viniferum各1株等6個菌種,另有2菌株待鑑定。將5種果樹炭疽病菌以交互接種方式測試其對無傷口摘離果實之病原性,結果顯示供試炭疽病菌均能感染其原寄主果實,多數菌株亦能感染1或2種原寄主以外的果實,但僅有分離自葡萄之晚腐(炭疽)病菌能感染葡萄。果實成分對不同寄主來源之炭疽病菌的菌絲生長影響差異不顯著。供試炭疽病菌對9種防治藥劑:亞托敏、賽普護汰寧、克熱淨、免得爛、百克敏、得克利、甲基多保淨、三氟敏及三氟派瑞之抗感性反應相似。多點作用機制藥劑如免得爛及克熱淨藥效最佳,分別能抑制全部或大部分供試菌株之孢子發芽,其他7種單點作用機制藥劑則僅能對少部分菌株之孢子發芽具抑制作用。

關鍵字

炭疽病菌 病原性 殺菌劑

並列摘要


Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum species is a major limiting factor to fruit production in Taiwan. These Colletotrichum species from different fruit crops share similar morphological characteristics and cause resemble symptoms. The identification, pathogenicity and fungicides sensitivity of Colletotrichum isolates from various fruit crops have not been much clarified in Taiwan. Two single-spore isolates of Colletotrichum collected from diseased fruits of carambola (Averrhoa carambola), grape (Vitis vinefera×V. labrusca), mango (Mangifera indica), papaya (Carica papaya) and wax apple (Syzygium samarangense) were characterized in this study. Based on their conidial morphology and multi-gene sequences of ITS, GAPDH, ACT and TUB2, eight of the 10 isolates were respectively identified as C. asianum (2), C. brevisporum, C. fructicola, C. siamense (2), C. tropicale, and C. viniferum while the remaining 2 were undetermined. Cross-inoculation of the isolates on detached fruits revealed a degree of variation in their pathogenicity. All tested isolates were able to infect their original hosts and most of them also induced symptoms on one or two alternative hosts. However, grape was only infected by isolates from grape. Media with contents of various fruit pulps did not have much influence on mycelial growth of the tested isolates. According to quantitative assay of conidial germination, most isolates were sensitive to the fungicides with multi-site contact activity such as metiram and iminoctadine tris (albesilate), while they were not sensitive to the single-site fungicides as azoxystrobin, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, trifloxystrobin, trifloxystrobin+fluopyram and thiophanate-methyl.

並列關鍵字

Colletotrichum pathogenicity fungicide

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