四種管理方式之茄園昆蟲與蟎類的群聚結構

本文從群聚的角度探討植食性及捕食性昆蟲與蟎類在四種管理方式茄園內的群聚結構，採用科級為分類的基本單位。有管理之茄園植食性昆蟲綱有9－10科，蟎蜱亞綱有2總科及1科級，高於不除草區的昆蟲綱6科及蟎蜱亞綱1總科及1科級。依2001年霧峰茄園及2002年永靖茄園昆蟲與蟎類相對豐量及群集分析的結果，顯示常駐型害蟲及害蟎有薊馬科、蚜科、粉蝨科、小葉蟬亞科、葉蟎總科及細蟎科，其中薊馬科、粉蝨科、葉蟎總科及細蟎科可被歸為主要害蟲與害蟎類。從棲所及為害特徵來看，薊馬科及細蟎科應列為茄園不可輕忽的二大重要有害生物。捕食性種類以捕植蟎科為主，其次為花椿象科、盲椿象科及癭蚋科。結果顯示防治管理方式不同，對昆蟲、蟎類群聚組成結構並沒有明顯的影響，其組成結構極為相似。

關鍵字

茄子；昆蟲；蟎類；防治管理方式；群聚結構

並列摘要

This study investigated the community structure of arthropod herbivores and predators on four eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) fields of different management tactics in central Taiwan. The insects and mites were counted and identified to the family level. The investigated results found that there are nine to ten families for herbivore Insecta, and two superfamilies and one family for herbivore Acari in managed eggplant fields. These counts were generally higher than those in unmanaged eggplant fields, which contained six families for Insecta, and one superfamily and one family for Acari. Results of relative abundance and cluster analysis on data from eggplant fields in Wufong in 2001 and Yongjing in 2002 indicated that Thripidae, Aphididae, Aleyrodidae, Typhlocybinae, Tetranychoidea, and Tarsonemidae were resident species. Among these, Thripidae, Aleyrodidae, Tetranychoidea, and Tarsonemidae were defined as major pests. From a habitat and injury features of herbivores on eggplant perspective, Thripidae and Tarsonemidae can be considered serious eggplant pests. Major predators were found to belong to the Phytoseiidae; other less important predators were found to belong to the Anthocoridae, Miridae, and Cecidomyiidae. The results indicate that the community structure of arthropod herbivores and predators in eggplant fields is not different under four types of different management tactics.

並列關鍵字

eggplant ； insects ； mites ； management tactics ； community structure

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四種管理方式之茄園昆蟲與蟎類的群聚結構

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