果樹炭疽病菌之分子鑑定及其對殺菌劑之感受性

Molecular Identification and Fungicides Sensitivity of Colletotrichum Isolates from Various Fruit Crops in Taiwan

段中漢(Chung-Hang Duan) ； 潘蕙如(Hui-Ru Pan) ； 王群中(Chun-Chung Wang)

《臺灣農藥科學》 6期 (2019/06) Pp. 71-104

https://doi.org/10.6671/TPS.201906_(6).04

摘要

Colletotrichum spp.引起的炭疽病是臺灣地區普遍且嚴重的果樹病害，也是影響水果品質與產量的重要因子。本研究以分生孢子發芽及菌絲生長為指標，評估12株芒果炭疽病菌（代表殺菌劑主要使用對象）與12株酪梨、香蕉、無花果、印度棗及草莓等5種水果類炭疽病菌（代表殺菌劑少量使用對象），對33種殺菌劑之感受性。供試之24株炭疽病菌以分生孢子形態及多重基因序列比對作菌種鑑定，結果顯示，芒果炭疽病菌計有3菌種，其中有9株C. asianum Prihastuti，2株C. siamense Prihastuti及1株C. scovillei Damm。而其他5種果樹類炭疽病菌則分別有3株C. fructicola Prihastuti、1株C. musae（Berk. & Curtis）Arx、5株C. siamense、1株C. theobromicola Delacr.及2株C. tropicale Rojas, Rehner & Samuels計有5菌種。藥劑依田間使用濃度測試上述菌株結果發現，有效抑制炭疽病菌孢子發芽或菌絲生長的藥劑種類完全不同。能抑制全部供試菌株孢子發芽的藥劑有腈硫醌、腈硫克敏、扶吉胺、福賽快得寧、快得寧、保粒黴素（甲）、保粒快得寧及腐絕快得寧等8種，能抑制絕大部分供試菌株孢子發芽的藥劑有克熱淨、鋅錳乃浦、免得爛及甲基鋅乃浦等4種。而能抑制全部或絕大部分供試菌株菌絲生長的藥劑僅有含撲克拉成分之撲克拉、撲克拉錳及貝芬撲克拉，而滅特座能抑制半數芒果菌株之菌絲生長。福賽快得寧可抑制半數芒果及半數其他果樹類菌株之生長，但單劑福賽得或快得寧均無此效。本研究顯示，果樹類炭疽病菌對其防治藥劑之感受性與菌株之寄主、菌種及施用藥劑是否為延伸使用等因子均無相關性。

關鍵字

果樹 ； 炭疽病菌 ； 殺菌劑

並列摘要

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. is a prevalent and severe disease on fruit crops in Taiwan. For years, fungicides have been mainly used for controlling this disease and the resistant isolates seem increasingly widespread and thus need to be investigated for managing resistance. Twelve Colletotrichum isolates from mango (targets for major uses of fungicides) and the other 12 isolates respectively from avocado, banana, Indian jujube, fig and strawberry (targets for minor uses of fungicides) were tested in vitro to determine their sensitivity to 33 anthracnose-controlling fungicides. Based on conidial morphology, 23 isolates were C. gloeosporioides species complex and only one was C. acutatum species complex. Species identification of these isolates by using polygenic sequences of ITS, GAPDH, ACT, TUB2 and ApMat revealed that C. asianum (9 isolates) was the dominant species of mango isolates, while C. siamense (2) and C. scovillei (1) were also found. In addition, C. fructicola (3), C. musae (1), C. siamense (5), C. theobromicola (1) and C. tropicale (2) composed the species of the 12 isolates from other five fruit crops. With their use rates, the effective fungicides to inhibit conidial germination were different from those to inhibit mycelial growth. In conidial germination test, dithianon, fluazinam, iminoctadine triacetate, mancozeb, metiram, oxine-copper, polyoxins and propineb were effective to inhibit the vast majority of tested isolates, while azoxystrobin, Bordeaux mixture, boscalid, carbendazim, difenoconazole, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, fosetyl-aluminium, hexaconazole, iprodine, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, kresoxim-methyl, metconazole, manganese-prochlorate, myclobutanil, prochloraz, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, tetraconazole and thiabendazole hade no effect. In mycelial growth test, only the fungicides with active ingredient of prochloraz were effective and no effect for the rest except metconazole and fosetyl-aluminium + oxine-copper for half of the mango isolates were inhibited by them. This work indicates the effective fungicides are consistent against Colletotrichum isolates no matter what their origins.

並列關鍵字

fruit ； Colletotrichum ； fungicide