蔡元培的南洋跨境經歷與華僑文化教育語境之探討

Cai Yuanpei's Cross-Border Experience in Nanyang and Overseas Chinese Educational Context

許德發(Teik-Huat Khor) ； 張惠思(Hooi-See Teoh)

《教育研究集刊》 66:2期 (2020/06) Pp. 1-36

https://doi.org/10.3966/102887082020066602001

摘要

蔡元培於辛亥革命與五四運動前後，曾多次越洋留學與考察。他留學與考察歐美之經歷已有不少研究，然學界對於他在往返中西之時停泊於南洋的經歷卻缺乏關注，連其《日記》與《自述》的相關記載也多有不詳，他對華僑教育的影響亦未被探析。實際上，南洋馬來亞的新加坡與檳榔嶼是當時的主要港口，是亞洲大陸與西方世界之間水路交通的必經之地，蔡元培數次訪問歐美皆途經此地。本文追溯蔡元培五次過境與逗留馬來亞之過程及其步履之處，梳理其行程、活動、演講及與當地華僑互動之事跡，進而從流寓於外的華僑社會之視角探析他的過境與活動的意義，以對相關研究略做補闕。本文將追問，南洋華人如何對待這位「民國大教育家」、「前教育總長」、「北大校長」的來訪？蔡元培又如何回應華僑所急切關心的僑教問題？本文將藉著當地華人對他的反應揭示其在華僑社會中的崇高地位。

關鍵字

互動 ； 南洋 ； 華僑教育 ； 過境 ； 演講

並列摘要

Cai Yuanpei had conducted many overseas studies and investigations before and after the Revolution of 1911 and the May Fourth Movement. Despite many studies on his experience of studying in Europe and the States, the academic circles lacked attention to his experience of staying in Nanyang while he traveled between China and the West. In fact, Singapore and Penang of Nanyang were the main ports at the time, they were the essential waterway between the Asian continent and the western world. Cai Yuanpei passed through the region for a few times during his visitations to Europe and the States. This article traced back a number of transits and entries of Cai Yuanpei to Malaya and his footsteps including his schedule, activity, speech and his interactions with local Chinese people, and then analyzes the significance of his transit and activities from the perspective of overseas Chinese society. The article answers the questions such as how do Nanyang Chinese treated the visitations of this great educationist of the republican era, the ex-education minister, the Peking University principal. Did his thinking conform to the developing overseas Chinese education and their culture? This paper exposes the responses and comments of local Chinese community to reveal his lofty position in local Chinese society from his spatial and temporal transmigration in his Nanyang voyage.

並列關鍵字

interaction ； Nanyang ； overseas Chinese education ； cross-borders ； speech

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