當中醫遭遇荷爾蒙－中醫臟器療法（1920-1949）

When Hormones encountered Chinese medicine: the Chinese visceral organ therapy

皮國立(PI, Kuo-li)

《新亞學報》 35卷 (2018/08) Pp. 249-302

https://doi.org/10.6743/NAJ.201808_35.0006

摘要

「荷爾蒙」的研究於二十世紀初開始興盛，挾著醫學和生理學進步之賜，很快地在1920年代成為世界新式藥品的寵兒。過去研究者多忽略荷爾蒙知識和藥品在近代中國的傳播史，其實是一個探究科學、藥品與中西醫學對話的絕佳範例。根據本文所述，在近代中國的荷爾蒙藥品，除了有醫學理論的驗證外，還藉由新式提煉技術和廣告的行銷而大行其道。更重要的是，當時不論是荷爾蒙研究或藥品之生產，都指向了它可以「返老還童」，其訴求就是一般人對身體健康、強壯的最高期待。再加上荷爾蒙藥品多從傳統中國醫學中「臟器」藥物或食物中萃取出來，結合了中醫的「補腎」、「補精」等相關身體觀和話語，更使該藥的功效被塑造成能包醫百病。本文除分析這個歷程外，還觀察當時中醫對新理論和藥品之回應，他們借用古代食療常用的動物臟腑，來對照當時西方醫學視野下被翻譯之荷爾蒙「臟器療法」；透過討論這個新科技，重新檢視古代本草知識中的相關藥物，並依據荷爾蒙療病的理論，重新建構它們對身體「補養」的合理性。最後，荷爾蒙藥品雖做為新式的補藥，但當時人們對其缺點和副作用的負面評價也不少，是近代中國新藥品中被討論最多的案例，這對近代藥品史和中西醫匯通史的理解，都是一項新的啟發。

關鍵字

荷爾蒙 ； 食物 ； 營養 ； 食療 ； 臟器療法

並列摘要

Research on ＂hormones＂ rose in early 20^(th) century. With the progress of medicine and physiology, they soon became the star of medicines around the world in the 1920s. For the most part, past researchers overlooked the fact that hormone knowledge and medicine afford an excellent case study of the dialogue that took place between Chinese and western medicine in the communication history of modern China. According to the present study, apart from the verifications that it gained from the medical theory at the time, new extraction techniques and advertisements also accounted for the popularity of hormone medicines. More importantly, hormone research or the manufacture of hormone medicines emphasized the effect of ＂rejuvenation,＂ appealing to the highest expectations that ordinary people have towards their health and vigor. In addition, since hormone medicines were mostly extracted from food and internal organs in traditional Chinese medicine, thereby linking them with related Chinese medical discourse on the human body such as ＂augmenting the renal essence＂ and ＂augmenting the spirit＂ these medicines were considered to be a panacea to all illnesses. This study not only analyzes this process of the spread of hormone medicines, but also takes note of the responses of the Chinese medical world to the new theories and medicines. In referring to the traditional Chinese medical practice of using internal organs in food therapy, the Chinese medical circles offered a counterpoint to what was at the time translated as hormonal ＂visceral organ therapy＂ of the West. Through the discussion of the new technology of hormone medicines, the medicine derived from ancient herbal knowledge was put under reexamination, and the legitimacy of the idea of ＂augmentation＂ was given new currency by the theory of hormone therapy. Finally, although hormone medications served as the new ＂augmenting＂ medicine, there was a fair share of negative comments on their disadvantages and side effects. The use of hormone medicines is the most discussed case in new medicine of modern China, and inspire new understanding of the history of modern medicine as well as the history of exchange between Chinese and western medicine.

並列關鍵字

Hormone ； food ； nutrition ； dietary therapy ； visceral organ therapy