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  • 學位論文

有限元素法於人工擋土柱開挖穩定性分析之應用

Applications of Finite Element Methods in Stability Analysis of Hand-dug Retaining Piles

指導教授 : 呂良正

摘要


臺中地區的地層與臺灣其他地區的地層較為不同,許多地區屬於卵礫石層,由於連續壁、板樁等擋土工法難以於此類地層施作,因此基地開挖選用擋土工法時,發展出一項非常特別的人工開挖工法,稱做人工擋土柱工法。此工法施工時,需仰賴工人於深達地下10-20公尺的狹窄空間進行施工,因此若是側壁防護或安全措施沒有落實或不夠完善時,容易導致工安意外發生。 本研究目的即希望針對人工擋土柱的施工方法做改善,並提出人工擋土柱之選用建議。研究內容包括人工擋土柱職災案例之蒐集,統整人工擋土柱發生災害的可能原因,並提出可行的改善對策;本研究也整理比較了其他臺中卵礫石層常用的工法,希望能讓人工擋土柱此一危險的工法成為工法選擇的最後一個選項;以及針對臺中卵礫石地層之強度進行區分,分別提出人工擋土柱之側壁護圈配置方式並評估其安全性,以期改善實務上人工擋土柱開挖之施工安全。 經過分析後,本研究認為護圈之厚度採15cm會有最佳之保護效果,然而有施作護圈之人工擋土柱開挖會比無施作護圈之人工擋土柱開挖安全性提高約百分之25。若無施作工作平台,工人在施工過程中必須要特別留意坑口之穩定性,且工人須隨時注意是否有低強度層出現,若遭遇低強度層,需停工施做護圈才能保障未來之開挖安全性。本研究在最後將所有之分析結果簡單整理成人工擋土柱選用建議表,期望可以提供專業技師作為未來選用人工擋土柱之參考依據。

並列摘要


The strata in the Taichung area are different from the strata in other districts of Taiwan. Most strata in Taichung belong to the pebble and gravel layers. Because the soil retaining methods such as diaphragm walls and sheet piles are difficult to apply in such strata, a very special manual excavation method called hand-dug retaining piles has been developed. When constructing this method, it is necessary for workers to carry out the construction in a narrow space of 10-20 meters underground. Therefore, if the sidewall protection or safety measures are not implemented or not perfect, it will easily lead to occupational accidents. The purpose of this study is to improve the construction method of the hand-dug retaining piles and propose the selection of the hand-dug retaining piles. The research includes the collection of occupational disaster cases, identification of the possible causes of the disasters, and proposal of feasible improvement measures; this study also compares other common methods used in Taichung pebble and gravel layers. It is hoped that this dangerous method will become the last option of the construction method; then, use the collected experimental data of pebble and gravel layers in Taichung to distinguish the strength. Finally, a sidewall protection method is proposed according to the different strength and the safety is evaluated to improve the construction safety of the hand-dug retaining piles. After analysis, this study thinks that the best thickness of the cement linings is 15cm, which will have the best protection effect. However, the excavation of hand-dug retaining piles with the cement linings will be safer than the excavation of hand-dug retaining piles without the cement linings by about 25 percent. If there is no work platform, workers must pay special attention to the stability of the top of the pit during the construction process, and workers should always pay attention to whether there is a low-strength layer. If a low-strength layer is encountered, it is necessary to stop working and construct a cement lining to ensure the safety in the future. At the end of this study, all the analysis results were simply compiled into a use suggestion table of hand-dug retaining piles. It is expected that the table can provide professional technicians some suggestions about the use of hand-dug retaining piles in the future.

參考文獻


參考文獻
[1] 林炳森、壽克堅 (2011),臺中市政府手掘式基樁設計規範委託研究案
[2] 董家鈞、黃安斌 (1996),「礫石材料之力學試驗現況與展望」,地工技術,第55期
[3] 褚炳麟、潘進明、張國雄 (1996),「台灣西部卵礫石層現地之大地工程性質」,地工技術,第55期
[4] 鄧建華、洪增隆、曾彥人、張志銘 (2014),「慈濟車行地下道開挖採機械式擋土柱施工實務」,中華技術期刊,第104期

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