高雄輕軌沿線交叉口安全評估之研究

Safety Assessment at Light Rail Intersections in Kaohsiung

陳雅琳(Ya-Lin Chen)

指導教授 ： 許添本

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201702957

摘要

近年來台灣各地積極規劃引進輕軌運輸系統，輕軌設置於平面道路除了產生效率問題外，更重要的是影響了沿線交叉口之安全問題，至今已發生五起輕軌相關之肇事，而長期指派交通警察疏導並無法根本解決問題。有鑑於此，本研究透過文獻回顧、肇事資料和現場調查目前輕軌沿線交叉口，了解輕軌引進後肇事特性之變化，以及評比路口之安全性。
本研究主要分為肇事資料和實地調查數據分析和路口安全評估三大部分。第一部分肇事資料分析為透過交通安全評估法中的事前事後法，以肇事次數當量和加權嚴重性為評估路口安全指標，並進一步探討以碰撞型態和肇事原因區分肇事資料，了解輕軌設置後對路口整體用路人之影響，進而研擬交通工程改善措施。針對輕軌相關肇事，國外經驗指出多數原因來自於駕駛未遵守法規、未警覺道路環境或個人錯誤判斷所造成，因此第二部份利用攝影機錄製沿線交叉口之車流狀態，透過文獻擬定台灣可能出現的違規風險行為，評析其與道路環境因子之相關性。另外，本研究假設事故嚴重性與事故前車速有絕對相關，因此同時透過影像檔計算不同穿越軌道方向之車速，了解輕軌交叉口事故造成之嚴重性。最後第三部分以灰色理論中的灰關聯分析法分別對直行車和轉向車作評估，以違規風險行為次數、車速及路口潛在衝突點為安全評估指標，進而評比未來可能產生列車與汽機車碰撞之危險路口，並決定改善之次序。
本研究結果顯示，輕軌設置後之側撞件數顯著減少，「未依規定讓車」的肇事人數亦幅大下降。另外，違規風險行為主要和輕軌路線佈設有顯著相關，其影響大小依序為中央兩側雙向佈設、路側佈設、中央接路側佈設。在路口安全評估中，轉向車與直行車最需優先改善之路口分別為「凱旋/鎮興路口」、「凱旋/前鎮路口」。
本研究欲探討輕軌引進後對路口之安全性，並提出灰關聯分析法進行評比及決定改善優先順序。建議未來有足夠的輕軌相關事故件數下，可進一步建立一套更客觀的評估模式，推估肇事影響因子或預測未來肇事件數。

關鍵字

輕軌 ； 交叉口 ； 肇事資料 ； 違規行為 ； 灰關聯 ； 路口安全評估

並列摘要

In recent years, light rail transport system has constantly been planning and constructing in Taiwan. Light rail is placed in the surface intersection will generate not only efficiency problems but also affecting the safety of the intersection along LRT. The media has so far reported five accident reports about light rail. However, assignment of traffic police to ease cannot solve the problem. In view of this, this study through the literature review, accident information and field investigation of the current light rail along the intersection, to understand the change of accident`s characteristics before and after placing the LRT, as well as assessing and comparing the safety of intersections.
This study is divided into three parts: accident data analysis, field observation data analysis, and intersection safety assessment. The first part is through the before-and-after study used the equivalent number of accident and weighted severity value as the assessment of the intersection safety indicators. Additionally, we will explore the different collision types and contributor of the accident, understand the impact for all road users after setting up the LRT on the intersection and propose the traffic engineering improvement measures. Foreign experience pointed out that the majority of the contributors of the accident related to LRT is from the driver did not comply with laws and regulations, not alert to the road environment or personal misjudgment caused by. Thus, the second part of to collect traffic flow at the intersection by the digital video. Through the literature to develop possible violations of risk behavior in Kaohsiung, and then analyze its relevance with the road environment factors. In addition, this study assumed that the severity of the accident would be absolutely related to the vehicle speed before the accident, thus calculating the speed from the different way crossing the rail, to understand the seriousness of the accident. Finally, we used the grey relational analysis method of grey theory to assess the straight and steering vehicles, then evaluate the risk of the collision between the train and the motor vehicle in the future by the number of irregularities, the speed and the potential conflict point of the intersection, and determine the order of improvement.
The results of the first part showed that the number of the side impact is significantly reduced after setting up the LRT, as well as decreased the offender. The second part showed that there are significant correlations between irregular risk behavior and LR route arrangement.In the road safety assessment of straight and steering vehicles, the most need to improve the intersection of the road were kaixuan zhenxing road and kaixuan qianzhen road.
This study aims to discuss the safety of the intersection after constructing the light rail and make a gray correlation analysis to evaluate and decide to improve the priority order. It is suggested that if there has a sufficient number of LRT-related incidents, a more objective assessment model can be further established to estimate the impact factor or to predict the number of future events.

並列關鍵字

Light rail ； intersection ； accident data ； illegal ； grey relational analysis ； intersection safety assessment

參考文獻

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