台灣邁向半導體產業王國之路—以發展型國家理論詮釋臺灣積體電路產業發展歷程(1974-2018年)

本論文以臺灣積體電路產業發展歷程(1974-2018)為研究對象，從發展型國家理論檢視國家在扶持產業發展歷程與市場之間關係的變化，從而檢視國家自主性的轉變。本論文採文獻分析法與深度訪談法，從三個面向切入，分別觀察國家能力及產業規模在近40年產業發展歷程的變化，包括從產業技術端，國家如何引進產業技術，並培植產業茁壯；以及產業生產要素部分，包括土地、水、電、污染管制等資源挹注，建構產業發展環境；以及人才供給端，如何透過學校教育、補助研究計畫、設立研究機構、及研發替代役制度等，培育產業永續發展的人才。結果發現，國家的角色及自主性會隨著產業規模的擴大而下降，雖然國家會隨著產業規模的擴大而擴大投入相關資源，但是國家的掌控能力卻會隨著產業技術逐漸成熟、擴大生產規模而下降，國家也從市場的引導者逐漸轉變為追隨者。

關鍵字

發展型國家；國家自主性；積體電路產業；晶圓代工；科學園區；人才培育

並列摘要

This thesis takes Taiwan's integrated circuit industry development process (1974-2018) as the research object, and examines the changes in the relationship between the state's development process and the market from the perspective of the developmental state theory, thus examining the transformation of the state autonomy. This paper adopts the literature analysis method and the in-depth interview method and observes the changes in the industrial development process in the past 40 years from three perspectives. Which are including how to introduce industrial technology and cultivate the industry; how to provide industrial production factors, such as land, water, electricity, pollution control and other resources, to build an industrial development infrastructure; and how to through school education, subsidy research projects, set up research institutions and the system of Research and Development Substitute Services to cultivate talents for sustainable development of the industry. It turns out that the role and autonomy of the state will be declined by the expansion of the industry scale. Although the country will expand the investment of related resources as the scale of the industry expands accordingly, the state's controlling ability will gradually decline with the maturity of industrial technology. The state will also gradually shift its role from a market leader to a follower.