定暫時狀態處分制度於我國實務之運用——以公司經營權爭奪事件為中心

近年來屢屢發生公司派與市場派透過定暫時狀態處分爭奪公司經營權之事件，凸顯出此制度在實務運作上之重要。本文以我國法院就此制度的審查標準為觀察重點，分別回顧實務上運用最廣泛的兩種聲請類型—與「公司經營階層職權行使」及「股東會爭議、股東權行使」相關之聲請，並整理我國法院就上開類別所發展出的判準。從而發現，在民事訴訟法未提供具體操作準則下，不僅造成法官適用困難，更使各法院發展出不一致，甚至矛盾的法律見解。對於我國實務所面臨之困境，或得以在公司法實務享有盛譽的美國德拉瓦州法院作為借鏡。本文欲藉由觀察德拉瓦州法院如何操作初步禁制令之判準，分析其思考路徑與審查邏輯，嘗試就不同類型案件建立相應的審查架構。本文最終指出，作為公司治理生態系統一環的法院，為了有效率又兼顧商業需求地適切解決紛爭，未來研究重點應致力於就不同行為態樣，建立其適用之審查框架與思考路徑，以細緻化定暫時狀態處分制度於公司法爭議事件之運用。

關鍵字

定暫時狀態處分；公司控制權；本案勝訴可能性；擔保金；受託義務審查

並列摘要

With the frequent use of preliminary injunctions in contests for corporate control, the remedy itself has shown its significant role as an effective weapon in corporate disputes. In light of that, this article addresses the role of Taiwanese jurisprudence in determining the application of preliminary injunctions and reviews the judicial approaches taken when it comes to the two most common types of motion in Taiwanese practices. Absent specifying the standard for the courts to employ, it not only increases the hardship in implementation but also opens a wide door for developing inconsistent or even contradictory analysis. Identifying the difficulties facing Taiwanese courts, the author of this article believes that the Delaware preliminary injunction practices might provide some insights. Through observing how Delaware court judges employ the standards and the judicial mindsets behind decision-making, this article endeavors to establish frameworks and thinking roadmap for the standard of review, applicable to different circumstances since there is no one-size-fits-all answer. Finally, this article highlights that the court, as a part of corporate governance ecosystem, should focus more on building their analytical frameworks for granting injunctive reliefs, which will allow them to craft commercially realistic interpretations properly.