水域及陸域植被對蜻蛉目豐富度之影響:以鹿角溪人工濕地為例

Influences of aquatic and terrestrial vegetation on Odonata abundance:a case study of Lujaushi artificial wetland

陳品元(Pin-Yuan Chen)

指導教授 ： 袁孝維

共同指導教授 ： 林政道(Cheng-Tao Lin)

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/森林環境暨資源學研究所/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201901074

摘要

植群的經營管理會影響棲息於人工濕地內的野生動物族群，例如:除草、疏伐等管理方式可能會改變整體植被覆蓋度，進而影響濕地內野生動物的多樣性及豐富度。蜻蛉目的昆蟲(即蜻蜓與豆娘)為人工濕地中常見的野生動物，其成蟲及若蟲分別棲息於陸域及水域環境，然而，關於植被覆蓋度如何影響蜻蛉目的研究甚少，尤其是若蟲階段。為了瞭解水域及陸域植被覆蓋度對蜻蛉目豐富度的影響，本研究在新北市的鹿角溪人工濕地，針對蜻蛉目成蟲設置穿越線及十個樣區，同時針對若蟲設置18個採樣點，且於採樣前，先測量水中的pH值、水溫、溶氧量及導電度。本研究同時亦使用無人機拍攝人空濕地鳥瞰圖及目視的方式來量化植被覆蓋度。研究結果顯示植被覆蓋度確實會影響蜻蛉目的豐富度，其中成蟲和若蟲均偏好選擇植被覆蓋度較高的環境，兩者的豐富度也與植被覆蓋度呈正向線性關係，而溶氧量與若蟲密度同樣呈現正向的線性關係。另外，當水域中有植被覆蓋時，溶氧量明顯較低。上述結果指出植被覆蓋度對於蜻蛉目成蟲與若蟲是重要的陸域及水域因子。因此，當未來人工溼地若有管理或開發計畫時，建議適當保留沿岸區及濱水區的植群，以提高並維持蜻蛉目的豐富度。

關鍵字

蜻蜓 ； 豆娘 ； 植群結構 ； 濱水植物 ； 水生植物 ； 水質 ； 棲地選擇 ； 棲地經營

並列摘要

Vegetation management, such as weeding and thinning, within artificial wetlands changes overall vegetation coverage, possibly affecting fauna diversity and abundance. Previous studies showed that dragonflies and damselflies (Order Odonata) live in aquatic and terrestrial habitats during their nymphal and adult stages respectively. However, research concerning the influence of vegetation coverage on odonate abundance (especially the nymphal stage) is still lacking. This study constructed 28 sampling sites and one transect line to compare how aquatic and terrestrial vegetation coverage affected the abundance of odonate nymphs and adults. Water temperature, water pH value, conductivity and dissolved oxygen were recorded before aquatic sampling. An unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) and quadrats were used to qualify vegetation coverage. Adult and nymph density were found to be significantly higher within dense riparian plants and with macrophytes respectively. The abundance of adults and nymphs both showed strong linear relationships with vegetation coverage. Nymph abundance was also positively correlated with dissolved oxygen. These results indicate that odonate nymphs and adults are both influenced by vegetation structure. Therefore, the impacts of vegetation structure should be considered during future development and management efforts within artificial wetlands.

並列關鍵字

dragonfly ； damselfly ； vegetation structure ； riparian plants ； aquatic macrophytes ； water quality ； habitat selection ； habitat management

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