紀念化作為社會行動：台灣戰後勞動經驗的記憶政治

Memorialisation as Social Action: The Memory Politics of Labour Experience in Post-war Taiwan

施靖霜(Jing Shuang See)

指導教授 ： 王志弘

國立臺灣大學/工學院/建築與城鄉研究所/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202000648

摘要

本研究探討戰後台灣勞動經驗的記憶政治，是如何透過勞動紀念呈現，並促成了哪些社會行動。作者透過彙整官方檔案、書籍報刊與網路資訊等，佐以參與式觀察與深度訪談，爬梳整理台灣戰後勞動紀念的發展脈絡和歷史轉折，呈現戰後勞動紀念的不同紀念形式與再現形態，並指出目前在台灣的勞動紀念有兩個值得重視的發展趨勢：產業遺址的遊憩化與勞動經驗，尤其是工殤經驗作為爭取勞動權益的重要證明與證據。
因此，本研究以「猴硐煤礦博物園區」與「RCA污染訴訟案」為例討論：首先，以猴硐煤礦博物園區說明產業遺址遊憩化下勞動經驗的展示與再現，如勞工、產業技術工具、勞動環境等，往往會被視為是產業遺址的「裝飾」或是就此「隱身」於產業技術發展史之中。然而，猴硐礦工開始自主籌辦文史館，以不同於官方展示觀點，企圖深化勞動經驗的政治意涵以展示礦工的主體性。接著，以RCA案為例，討論RCA受害員工在爭取勞動權益的過程中，透過不斷增加的外部介入力量，是她（他）們得以爭取到權益或是賠償的重要操作及推力，並成為網絡中形構紀念化過程的重要節點。
於是，勞動經驗不僅能作為產業遺址遊憩化下的展示對象，也能作為勞工爭取自身權益的「證據」。不同形式的勞動紀念處理了勞動（與工殤）議題的不同面向，且具備促進社會改革的潛力，讓「看不見」的勞動經驗重新被社會大眾所看得見，促使社會大眾必須正視勞工及其勞動經驗之存在。最後，透過不同形式的勞動紀念，我們正在重新詮釋與建構不同的勞動生活與勞動經驗（包括工殤）之「現場」與「現場感」，這其中更是涉及了政治性與自主性，成為「見證」勞動經驗之所在。

關鍵字

勞動 ； 工殤 ； 紀念 ； 記憶政治 ； 社會行動 ； 現場

並列摘要

This thesis explores how the memory politics of labour experience in post-war Taiwan emerged in labour memorials and then the social actions are prompted. Based on official documents, journalism, online information as well as participant observation and in-depth interview, sorting out the development and transition of labour memorials as well as different memorial forms and representations of labour memorials in post-war Taiwan were discussed. It is noteworthy that there are two development trends of labour memorials in Taiwan which are the recreationalisation of industrial sites or industrial heritages and the labour experience, especially suffering from occupational injury as a vital proof and evidence in the fighting for labour rights.
First, the memorialisation of labour experience in Houtong Coalmine Ecological Park was discussed to illustrate the display and representation of labour experience under recreationalisation of industrial sites or industrial heritages, such as labour, technological tool, labour environment, etc. are often be used as “decoration” to the industrial sites or industrial heritages, or just “stealth” in the history of industrial technology development. Yet, the coal miners in Houtong began to organise the culture and history museum on their own, which is different from the official museum display, in an attempt to deepen the political implications of labour experience to demonstrate the coal miner’s subjectivity. Furthermore, the RCA pollution lawsuit case as an example to discern the increasing external intervention forces in the process of fighting for labour rights of the ex-RCA employees as the key to be able to gain the rights or compensation, and becomes a crucial node in the process of memorialisation in the network.
Therefore, labour experience can be used not only as a display object under the recreationalisation of industrial sites or industrial heritages, but also as “evidence” for labourers to fight for their own rights. Different forms of labour memorial have dealt with different aspects of labour (and occupational injury) issue and have the potential to promote social reform, so that “invisible” labour experience can be seen again by the public and the public should be aware of the existence of labourers and their labour experience. Lastly, we are reinterpreting and constructing different “in situ” and “sense of in situ” of labour life and labour experience (including occupational injury) through different forms of labour memorial, which are political and and autonomy, becoming the place of “witnessing” labour experience.

並列關鍵字

Labour ； Occupational Injury ； Memorial ； Memory Politics ； Social Action ； In situ

參考文獻

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