- 學位論文
皺摺拍翼之微模造與氣動力分析
MICRO-MOLDING FABRICATION AND AERODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF CORRUGATED FLAPPING WING
摘要
本論文主要目的是研究含有翅脈之拍翼翼膜對拍翼機飛行的影響。翅膀富有脈絡在昆蟲界相當普遍，不同的翅脈紋路對於昆蟲在空中懸停以及飛行穩定度上有著不同的影響。合宜的翅脈結構有助於提升飛行性能。 本論文研究採用創新的微模造法，以蜻蜓翼為藍圖，製造20cm翼長之拍翼機翼膜。此模造翼膜的過程結合了3D列印技術以及矽膠(PDMS)固化成型技術，也就是利用3D列印的方式製造蜻蜓翼模具，並且導入矽膠漿液使其固化，最後以聚對二甲苯(Parylene)鍍膜的方式，製造出可媲美蜻蜓翼外型且厚度為40μm之翼膜。翼膜成品將分別裝載於單翼拍翼機(一對翅膀)以及雙翼拍翼機(兩對翅膀)上，並相互對照其成效。風洞實驗主要是為了擷取升力訊號，從風洞實驗的結果我們可以看出，含有蜻蜓翼脈之翼膜其升力係數明顯比平坦之翼膜高22% 。另外實驗中也運用高速攝影記錄拍翼機之動態行為，以精確了解拍翼機飛行過程。 除了3D列印加工法，本研究也採用新型的微機電(MEMS)加工技術。首先是運用非等向性蝕刻方式，在矽晶片上製造出蜻蜓翼模型之凹槽，搭配SU8光阻做為翼脈材料，以及聚對二甲苯為翼膜材料，使製造出的翼膜不只在構造上更趨近於蜻蜓昆蟲翼膜之原始型態，同時也具有較佳的機械剛度。此新型的微機電加工技術可依據不同拍翼膜尺寸､形狀以及厚度，而製造出多樣性的翼膜。 從以上結果可以看出，利用「SU8光阻-聚對二甲苯」複合型材料，能夠製造出無論是尺寸､重量以及脈絡分布等，皆相似於自然界昆蟲的翅膀。本論文方法使含有翅脈拍翼具有高於平坦翼膜25%的剛度，因此不需在機翼中心的翼後緣處固定於機身，未來可以與大自然中飛行者的機翼結構和拍翼運動相匹配，例如旋轉拍翼。
並列摘要
This thesis deals with the study of the corrugated patterns on flapping wings. The corrugated wing design is generally seen in insects. Insect wings with the corrugated topological features give themselves excellent stability and high load-bearing capacity during flapping and hovering. It is believed that the appropriate corrugated structures on insect wings enhance the aerodynamic performance. We use the innovative fabrication process using the micro-molding methodology to fabricate the 20 cm flapping wing, which is composed of the corrugated wing inspired by the dragonfly wing. The mother mold is made firstly by a 3D printer according to natural flyers design, and secondly the demolded PDMS is served a the final molding material for corrugated wings. Parylene was selected as the wing material as it mechanical properties comparable to real insect wing. The thickness of the wing was selected as 40μm. The wing was being installed on two configurations. The first is mono wings, and the other is bi wings. Both were compared to the flat membrane wing with the same shape, size, and thickness. The lift signal was measured by the load cell in a wind tunnel. The tests show that the corrugated wing has 22% improvement in lift compared to the flat membrane wing. The dynamic characterization of the corrugated wings is done by using high-speed photography as well. Another methodology for fabrication of wing was developed using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) process. In this methodology, the anisotropic etching was done to form the V-grooves on a silicon wafer, and this etched silicon wafer acts as the mold for the corrugated wing. SU-8 and parylene membrane form an elegant structure, approaching the real wings not only in material conception but also in mechanical performance. Based on the insect wing, the sandwich microstructure was developed where Parylene was used as the membrane of the wing, and SU8 was used as the vein. The thickness of the wing can be varied in order to get different size, shape, and thickness of the artificial wing. We conclude that natural wings can be well mimicked in material understanding, size, weight, mass distribution venation, and wing rigidity using the “SU8-parylene” composite materials. This methodology gives the wing 25% larger stiffness than the flat membrane wing so that pinning at the wing trailing edge of the central-line fuselage is not necessary. It can matches with the natural flyers’ wing structure and motion, e.g., performing wing rotation or avian flapping in the future.
參考文獻
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