新中國歷史的底層見證——茹志鵑小說研究

本研究重新考察與闡釋中國大陸作家茹志鵑（1925－1998）的創作歷程、特色與價值，透過綜合茹志鵑的完整作品、創作觀及代表作的文本歷史化細評，本研究歸納其小說的特殊性及價值如下：　　一、視野寬廣、見證歷史：茹志鵑從底層經驗與歷練出發，但又不拘於個人狹窄的生命，在文革前的作品，已呈現出寬廣的解放戰爭、建設新社會及社會主義理想精神等視野。文革後，又深入地反思大躍進、文革及世代間的矛盾與困境。在回望歷史的同時，貫穿其中的，是不變的細膩與對各世代「人民」群眾的忠誠與感情。　　二、感性真誠、知行合一：茹志鵑的文學淵源，兼有中國古典及西方經典現實主義大家代表作的視野與感性，雖然我們很難客觀證明她吸收與融會轉化的程度，但以茹志鵑底層出身的學經歷和樸素實在的創作實踐，終其一生，她都是一個感性真誠、實事求是、知行合一的「人民」。　　她忠於黨國與自我，從一而終對「人民」永保關懷，即使早期的小說有「大團圓」傾向，也是善意地對「人民」的憐惜與祝福。總的來說，茹志鵑本人和她的小說，反映了中國底層人民自立自強的建國歷程，保留了革命理想的純粹情懷，它們是新中國歷史的底層見證。

關鍵字

茹志鵑；底層；成長；革命；新中國

並列摘要

The research reinterpreted the creativity process, features, and value of the works by Ru Zhijuan, an author from Mainland China. Through the detailed dissection of the whole collections of Ru Zhijuan’s works, her creative perspective and her text analysis of her masterpieces, the research generalized his novel’s individuality and values. A Testimony to History from a Broad Perspective: although starting off as the bottom of social status, Ru Zhijuan shook off the shackles of where she was born. Prior to the Cultural Revolution, her works represented the liberation of wars, establishment of a new society, and the ideal spirit of socialism. Posterior to the Cultural Revolution, her works paid attention to the reflection of the consequences of Great Leap and Forward and Cultural Revolution. Moreover, she deeply portrayed the conflict and hardship between generations. Throughout her works, introspectively, she consistently portrayed the subtlety of “people’s” lives. Sensibility and Genuineness; Profession in Agreement with Conduct: Ru Zhijuan’s literature is her perspective and sensibility combining Chinese classics and typical western realism. Despite that fact that her assimilation and integration of her literature comprehension is hard to be objectively proved, Ru Zhijuan, with her humble beginning and down-to-earth writing creativity, is a truly sensible and genuine “people” throughout her life. She is loyal to Party State and stayed true to herself. From the start to the end, she put her effort and focuses on “people (laborers)”. In spite of the inclination of ta-tuan-yuan (大團圓; positive ending) in her early works, they sent the message of empathy and good wishes. In a nutshell, Ru Zhijuan, as well as her works, reflects the process of establishing a country from the underprivileged. Furthermore, she and her works keep the purity of spirit from revolution, witnessing the New China history from the bottom of the social status.