岩石荷載過程溫度變化之探討-以木山層與大寮層砂岩為例

岩石的熱學與力學特性近年來因放射性廢棄物處置的需求而受到矚目。然而相關研究多數集中在不同溫度場下的力學特性，對於岩石熱學與力學特性的相互關係，以至於其間的影響因素，報導仍不多見。本研究依據能量守恆原理，建立岩石荷載過程熱力耦合方程式，並求得其解析解。繼而以木山層與大寮層砂岩為對象，量測岩石的熱學特性參數，並進行不同荷載條件的力學試驗，試驗過程利用紅外線熱影像儀測量試體表面溫度隨應變之變化，採實驗途徑探討岩石熱學與力學特性的耦合關係。試驗結果發現，岩石試體表面溫度隨荷載的增加而有增加的趨勢，惟溫度變化特性於不同荷載試驗下明顯不同。經採用參考試體校正溫度變化以及雙紅外線熱影像儀對比測量結果顯示，愈遠離試體中心與愈接近載具接觸位置，試體表面溫度愈低，推論荷載過程加諸於試體的能量亦出現逸散現象，自試體與金屬載具接觸位置流失，而造成表面溫度的下降。

關鍵字

岩石；熱傳導；熱膨脹；熱力耦合

並列摘要

In recent years, thermal- and mechanical characteristics of rocks and their interaction have been paid more attention due to radioactive waste disposal issues. Lots of researches have discussed on the variation of mechanical characteristics in different temperatures. However, few issues pay attention to the interactions between the aforementioned topics, neither the associated affecting factors. Based on the principle of the conservation of energy, this study derives a thermal-mechanical coupling relationship and deduces the associated analytic solutions accordingly. The thermal parameters of Mushan and Taliao sandstones are then tested. The surface temperature samples are measured during the loading processes in distinct mechanical tests to investigate the coupling effects between of thermal- and mechanical characteristics. Testing results show that the surface temperature of rock samples increase as the loading process and the temperature variations are diversely for distinct mechanical tests. Surface temperature of rock samples are collected, and then verified, by means of two unloaded, references rock samples and the thermal images taken simultaneously by two infrared thermal cameras. The far to the center of the rock samples and the near to the clamping apparatuses of the testing instrumentation, the lower the surface temperatures. Thermal energy emissions from the contact posting between the clamping apparatuses and the samples account for the surface temperature variation.

並列關鍵字

rock ； thermal conductivity ； oefficient of thermal expansion ； thermal-mechanical coupling test

參考文獻

[17] 蔡美貞，木山層砂岩破裂音射源之空間特性，碩士論文，國立台灣大學土木工程研究所，台北，2006。

[16] 李宏輝，砂岩力學行為之微觀機制－以個別元素法探討，博士論文，國立台灣大學土木工程研究所，台北，2008。

[15] 張裕沅，乾/濕砂岩力學行為差別初探，碩士論文，國立台灣大學土木工程研究所，台北，2007。

[9] Lixin Wu, Yuhua Wu, Shanjun Liu, Guohua Li, Yongqiang Li.” Infrared radiation of rock impacted at low velocity.” International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Volume 41, Issue 2, February 2004b, Pages 321-327.

[1] Kiyohashi H.,Kyo M. and Tanaka N. Measurements of thermal conductivity of rocks at elevated temperatures,1982.

國際替代計量

岩石荷載過程溫度變化之探討-以木山層與大寮層砂岩為例

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