卡群布農語的模態詞：句法特徵與分佈

Sentential Modals in Takibakha Bunun: Exploring the Syntactic Properties and Distribution

莊岳龍(Yue-Long Jhuang)

指導教授 ： 吳曉虹 ； 蔡維天

國立清華大學/人文社會學院/語言學研究所/碩士(2019年)

摘要

本論文的研究對象為卡群布農語的模態詞，主要聚焦於Portner (2009, 2018)所稱之「句模態詞」（sentential modality）一類，相當於傳統英語語法所說的「模態助動詞」（modal auxiliaries）。關於模態詞的討論，本文側重以下三個方面，分別是：語意分類、句法特徵、結構分佈。
　　這個研究分為六個章節。第一章包含研究動機、標的語言、發音人資訊，以及模態與模態詞之文獻回顧；第二章簡介卡社布農語的基本語法；第三章討論模態邏輯之分類，本文僅討論其中較無爭議的三類，分別是認知模態、義務模態與動力模態。此外，這一章也提供基礎語料以使讀者能夠快速理解卡社布農語的模態使用；第四章探究模態詞的句法特徵，發現三類模態詞在句中皆做為功能核心（functional head），而非指示語（specifier）；第五章從製圖理論出發，討論模態詞與其他功能投射（functional projection）之結構分佈，進而說明三類模態分別對應到補詞層、屈折層以及詞彙層；最後一章總結，並提出未來研究方向。

關鍵字

卡群布農語 ； 模態詞 ； 句法特徵 ； 句法分佈

並列摘要

This thesis aims to explore modals in Takibakha. To narrow down the research range, I will investigate ‘sentential modality’ in the sense of Portner (2009, 2018), which is equivalent to ‘modal auxiliaries’ in traditional English modality research. In this study, three research issues will be addressed, including (i) the semantic classification, (ii) the syntactic properties, and (iii) the hierarchy structure.
The thesis is organized as follows. Chapter 1 introduces the research background, such as the definition of modality and modals. Chapter 2 is a sketch grammar of Takibakha Bunun. Chapter 3 focuses on the semantic classification of modality and provides the preliminary data of Takibakha modals. Chapter 4 is devoted to the syntactic properties of modals. It reveals that all modals act as functional heads, but not specifiers. Chapter 5 deals with the hierarchical order of different categories of modals. In that chapter, we will establish a fundamental understanding of the derivation of ordering. Besides, the cartographic approach is adopted to illustrate a map of the modal hierarchy in Takibakha. Chapter 6 is a brief conclusion of this thesis and addresses the unsolved problems to be figured out in the future.

並列關鍵字

Takibakha Bunun ； modality ； syntactic function ； syntactic distribution

參考文獻

Bybee, Joan L, Revere Perkins & William Pagliuca. 1994. The Evolution of Grammar: Tense, Aspect, and Modality in the Languages of the World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Bybee, Joan L. 1985. Morphology: A Study of the Relation between Meaning and Form. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

Carnie, A., Dooley, S. A., & Harley, H. (Eds.). 2005. Verb first: on the syntax of verb-initial languages (Vol. 73). John Benjamins Publishing.

Chang, Chung-yang （張中揚）. 2010. On the Interrogative Constructions in Isbukun Bunun （論郡社布農語的疑問句構）. Taipei: National Taiwan Normal University M.A. thesis.

Chang, Henry Yung-li （張永利）. 2006. The guest playing host: Adverbial modifiers as matrix verbs in Kavalan. Clause structure and adjuncts in Austronesian languages 43-82. ed. by Hans-Martin Gaertner et al., Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.