檳城福建話情態詞「愛(ai3)」探索

An investigation of the distribution of AI "愛" in Penang Hokkien

利佳穎(Chia-Ying Li)

指導教授 ： 連金發

國立清華大學/人文社會學院/語言學研究所/碩士(2019年)

摘要

本篇論文主要介紹檳城福建話情態詞:「愛(ai3)」。在檳城福建話中廣泛使用的愛主要來自漳州腔，其功能甚是多樣: 一.心理動詞、二.意願類動詞、三.非意願類動詞、四.意欲類情態詞、五.義務類情態詞、六.意欲類情態詞衍生即時未來意、七.動後結構以及八.傾向類副詞。本篇透過跨語言/方言比較，發現愛與台灣閩南語情態詞卜(beh4)在某些功能上重疊，包括:意願類動詞、意欲類情態詞、即時未來意以及動後結構。
另外，本文也探討愛在程度副詞結構的表現。在程度結構中,情態詞愛表達了「喜愛」或傾向類，並且連結程度副詞及一般動詞。情態詞愛因為含有程度化的特徵，在這結構中可以賦予其下層的動詞謂語同樣的程度化特徵，使之能順利地與程度副詞相結合。

關鍵字

情態詞 ； 程度副詞 ； 閩南語

並列摘要

This paper explores the distribution of ai3 (愛) in Penang Hokkien. Ai3 in PHK originates from the Changzhou dialect and is widely used in PHK. Ai3 can be applied in various usages. Through cross-dialectal comparison, this study exhibits a broad and distinct range of functions of ai3 in TSM and in PHK. In PHK, ai3 has the following functions: a. a Psych verb, b. a volitional verb, c. non-volitional usage, d. bouletic modality, e. deontic modality, f. immediate future sense derived from bouletic modality, g. post-verbal as an approximator based on conversational implication, and h. as a tendency adverb. Several functions are parallel to beh4 (卜) in TSM, such as to be a volitional verb, a bouletic modality, a modality denoting immediate future sense and the post-verbal construction.
This paper also discusses a specific construction in SM, Degree ADV+ ai3+VP, which uses certain modal verbs such as ai3 as a medium to connect a degree adverb and a verbal phrase. In the [POS Degree ADV+ ModV+VP] construction in PHK and TSM, ai3 denotes an “adore” or tendency meaning. Semantically, certain modal verbs containing gradable features play a key role as operators that can transform verbal predicates denoting events to be measured based on certain standards. Then, it becomes easier for these predicates to connect to the POS degree adverbs.

並列關鍵字

Modality ； Degree-Adverbs ； Southern-Min

參考文獻

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