The Alarm System Design in Automation Systems

自動化系統下的警報系統設計

葉劉子儀

指導教授 ： 黃雪玲

國立清華大學/工學院/工業工程與工程管理學系/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2009.00199

摘要

隨著台灣經濟發展、科技進步，為求穩定且符合經濟效益的電量供應，核能電廠的發展已三十餘年，且已經有三座核能電廠，第四座正在興建中。相較於之前的核能一、二、三廠的類比系統主控室，核能四廠主控室所採用的是高度自動化的數位系統，同時自動化也帶來潛在的危險因子。透過文獻回顧中發現，在複雜系統之下的監控作業，警報系統的設計可能直接影響運作效率及電廠運轉的安全性，故本研究主要目的為探討警報系統設計與核電廠安全性的關係。

考量此層面的影響，本研究假設運轉員的作業績效會受到警報數量及警報標示設計的影響，過多的警報會增加運轉員心智負荷，造成人為失誤，且過於簡單的警報標示難以聯想，使得運轉員判斷錯誤或造成其他人為失誤。故設計一模擬實驗，討論警報數量及呈現方式對於運轉作業的影響，用以衡量警報系統與運轉員績效的關係。在模擬實驗中設定四個層級，分別同時出現三、五、七及九個警報，受測者必須在時間內判斷模擬器情況，並根據「異常操作程序書（AOP）」進行作業；另外，在警報名稱的顯示部份則就WDP上之警報名稱縮寫以及VDU上之異常狀敘述，兩者之關係進行討論；最後，分析受測者績效、時間、次要作業績效、SAGAT量表及NASA-TLX表，衡量受測者績效與警報系統的設計之關係。

本研究透過分析警報系統分別與運轉員績效、喜好、工作負荷、情境知覺之間的關係，建議警報同時顯現出來的數量維持在五個，並且同時以警報縮寫表示在WDP上，以及異常的詳細狀況在VDUs上，用以提升電廠內運轉員的工作績效和與電腦介面之互動。

關鍵字

核能電廠 ； 先進警報系統 ； 數位儀控 ； 人機介面

並列摘要

It is known that alarm systems play important roles in the monitoring and controlling of safe operation in advanced main control room. In other words, there exists high relationship between the safety of nuclear power plant (NPP) and the alarm system design. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to discover the critical amount of alarms to improve operation performance and human-system interaction.

Hence, the four levels of alarms quantity scenarios are designed in the experiment based on structured interview, procedures studies, observations, and issues integration. And the hypothesis in this study is that the number of alarm significantly affects operation performance. In each level, participants have to follow the Abnormal Operation Procedure (AOP) and deal with the events. The alarm display included both abbreviations of alarm label on WDP and abnormal state descriptions on VDUs. Then, the optimal quantity of alarms is suggested after analyzing primary and secondary task performance, situation awareness (SA), and mental workload.

The results of this study indicated that the optimal alarm number is five, and it is necessary to display both alarm abbreviations on WDP and alarm descriptions on VDUs. Finally, in order to enhance operating safety in automation system, three suggestions of alarm display design in automation system are proposed: (1) Maintain fewer than five alarms for monitory simultaneously, (2) Integrate correlative alarms, and (3) Short-term and descriptions of alarm should be displayed on VDUs.

並列關鍵字

Nuclear power plant ； Advanced alarm system ； Digital instrumentation & control ； Human system interface

參考文獻

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