中文政治言談中的第一人稱代詞之研究

A Study of First-Person Pronouns in Chinese Political Discourse

陳力綺(Li-Chi Lee Chen)

指導教授 ： 郭賽華

國立清華大學/人文社會學院/語言學研究所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

本文試從語用學及社會語言學的角度切入，並且採取質化及量化的分析方式來探討民進黨候選人陳水扁和國民黨候選人連戰在政治訪談、公眾演說、以及政治辯論使用第一人稱代詞的情況。本文所研究的第一人稱代詞包括：「我」和「我們」。

本文的研究結果說明：中文第一人稱代詞「我」和「我們」在語用上有不同的用法及言談功能。本文採取Kitagawa and Lehrer (1990)與Biq (1991)對人稱代詞的分類，將語料中的「我」和「我們」分成不同的語用用法，並且發現每一種用法在中文政治言談皆有不同的修辭功能。此外，本文也發現陳水扁和連戰在人稱代詞的使用上常常會出現代詞轉換或代詞替代的現象。最後，量化資料顯示不同類型的語言活動也會影響陳水扁和連戰在第一人稱代詞的選擇。

本文共分四個章節。第一章「引言」：概述本文的研究動機。第二章「文獻回顧」：介紹前人對人稱代詞的相關研究。第三章「第一人稱代詞之分析」：採取質化及量化的分析方式探討第一人稱代詞「我」和「我們」在政治訪談、公眾演說、以及政治辯論的使用情況。第四章「結論」：本文的主要內容在此提出總體性的結語。

關鍵字

言談分析 ； 人稱代詞 ； 政治辯論 ； 政治言談 ； 政治訪談 ； 公眾演說

並列摘要

Based on videotaped data from two political interviews, two public speeches, and two political debates, this study intends to illustrate and discuss how the first-person pronouns wo “I” and women “we” are used in Chinese political discourse from pragmatic and sociolinguistic perspectives. The politicians we have chosen for our analysis are Chen Shui-bian and Lien Chan, who represent the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and the Kuomintang (KMT, the Nationalist Party), respectively. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses will be conducted.

Analyzing the data, we have found that wo “I” and women “we” have multiple uses according to different pragmatic contexts. Following Kitagawa and Lehrer’s (1990) and Biq’s (1991) taxonomies, we have divided wo “I” into the propositional wo “I” and the dramatic wo “I,” and women “we” into the propositional women “we,” the impersonal women “we,” and the dramatic women “we.” The propositional women “we” is further divided into the audience-inclusive women “we” and the audience-exclusive women “we,” depending on what referents it takes. Furthermore, we have found that Chen and Lien choose different types of wo “I” and women “we” for different communicative purposes, and that there are frequent switches or substitutions of personal pronouns in their language use. Finally, our quantitative analysis shows that type of speech activity may affect Chen’s and Lien’s uses of wo “I” and women “we.”

As for the organization of the study, Chapter 1 is the introduction. In this chapter, the purpose of the present study is stated. Chapter 2 is the review of related works on personal pronouns. Chapter 3 analyzes and discusses the data from political interviews, public speeches, and political debates. In this chapter, Chen’s and Lien’s uses of wo “I” and women “we” in these three speech activities are examined, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Chapter 4 summarizes and concludes the findings in this study, as well as discusses implications for future work in this area of research.

並列關鍵字

discourse analysis ； personal pronouns ； political debates ； political discourse ； political interviews ； public speeches

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