透過您的圖書館登入
IP:54.163.14.144
  • 學位論文

我國社會救助法律規範之研究--以給付審核標準為中心

The Study on Payment Standards of Social Assistance in Taiwan

指導教授 : 李玉君
若您是本文的作者,可授權文章由華藝線上圖書館中協助推廣。

摘要


社會救助制度為社會安全網之最後一道防線,而社會救助之建構,主要係因應貧窮問題,透過資產調查方式,對於符合資格者予以納入照顧之殘補式制度設計。檢視社會救助法制沿革,自一九四九年國民政府撥遷來台即沿用之「社會救濟法」,其消極安貧定位,並未協助低收入戶自立脫貧;一九八○年,隨著「社會救助法」制定公布,不僅代表消極意涵之社會救濟法正式宣告廢止,更開啟我國積極救助之立法方向。 社會救助法公布至今,期間歷經五次修正,對於貧窮線定義、家庭應計算人口範圍、家庭總收入之計算方式,以及工作收入計算原則等給付審核標準,皆訂有法規範可資參酌。惟依社會救助法第四條第四項規定,對於上述申請低收入戶所應檢附之文件,以及審核認定程序等,立法者則授權地方政府主管機關予以認定。另,依「地方制度法」第十八條第三款第二目、第十九條第三款第二目之規定,分別屬於直轄市與縣(市)之自治事項。據此,地方政府往往囿於財政能力,再行訂定趨嚴之審核標準,所無之限制,使得我國低收入戶不論人數與戶數,皆長年未達總人口與總戶數百分之一之極低比例。 有鑑於此,本論文藉由社會救助法制之研究,分別透過法規範與其實際制度執行層面之審核標準,探討經濟全球化下所產生新貧與近貧階級無法納入社會救助體系之肇因,茲概述如下: 首先,針對貧窮之相關論述以及與社會救助法制之關連部分,闡述貧窮之背景成因以及與全球化之關連,並定義貧窮之概念,以貧窮內涵之轉變,說明新貧社會產生背景與其呈現之相關問題。抑有進者,藉由社會救助法制對解決貧窮問題所扮演之功能,與其在社會安全體系之定位,作為後續章節之研究基礎。 其次,回歸法制層面,闡述社會救助制度之法源基礎與其規範內容,分別由憲法、社會救濟法,以及社會救助法以茲規範,並檢視社會救助法之沿革發展,包括:五次修法歷程與重點內容,以及尚無法規範之中低收入戶給付內容予以論述。 再者,針對現行社會救助給付審核標準之探討部分,檢視現行社會救助之審核標準,透過社會救助法與地方政府實際審核之標準予以探討,並評析其所產生之問題,此乃本論文之研究核心,作為接續章節結論部分提出修正建議之重要參酌依據。 最後,則綜納全文,基於第四章關於現行社會救助給付審核標準之評析,提出適當之結論與相關修正建議,試圖透過現行社會救助審核標準所提之修正建議,由法制層面加以檢討,希冀對經濟全球化所形成之新貧或近貧人口,得以不再徘徊於社會救助邊緣。

並列摘要


Social Assistance system is the last-ditch of Social Safety Net. The Social Assistance, is established to deal with the problem of poverty, and based on the investigation of income or assets, to adopt the Residual Model to relief poor for the qualifiers. In the legislative history of public assistance act, the "Public Relief Act" which is used since the government relocated to Taiwan in 1949, was designed passive, and not helping to free low-income families from poverties. After "Public Assistance Act" promulgated in 1980, it does not only discard the passive "Public Relief Act", but also points out the direction of legislation. The "Public Assistance Act" has been revised five times since it was published, and there are laws and regulations of the payment standards on social assistance, such as the definition of poverty line, calculating the number of people live in the house hold, the calculation of total family income, and the salary or wage income. But based on paragraph 4 of article 4, municipal competent authorities shall define document requirements, evaluation and approval procedures of the low-income families. Besides, according to Item 2, Paragraph 3, Article 18 and Item 2, Paragraph 3, Article 19 of the "Local Government Act", they are the self-government matters of special municipalities and counties/cities. Based on this, according to the financial sources, the central and municipal or county/city competent authorities may provide the low-income families more difficult standards which inconsistent with the "Social Assistance Act", and that makes the count of people or families of the low-income does not over 1% of the total population or families. This thesis is based on the study of the "Public Assistance Act" and the payment standards on social assistance, to research the cause of "New Poverty" and "Near Poverty" in economic globalization. The main issue is the relation between the poverty and the "Public Assistance Act", which describe connection of poverty and globalization, definition of poverty, and the change of poverty; and it also explains the rise of "New Poverty" and the problems come along. In addition, the advantage of the "Public Assistance Act" to the poverty, and the position in the social security system, are the base of the research of following chapters. The first sub issue is back to the legal level. It explains the laws and regulations of Social Assistance, which are regulate by constitution, Social Relief Law, and Public Assistance Act. We also inspect the development of Public Assistance Act, which includes five times of the legislative history of amending the Law, and the treatise of the payments for middle or low-income families. The second sub issue points out the problems of current payment standards on social assistance. By researching the "Public Assistance" and the current payment standards of central and municipal or county/city competent authorities, it is the core research section of this thesis to analyze the problems, and in my viewpoint, in spite of the amendment, our present "Public Assistance Act" still has drawbacks on payment standards of social assistance. Due to this reason, I try to indicate these drawbacks and provide improvements. The last issue focuses on the payment standards on social assistance. To be brief, this paper anticipates constructing more rational payment standards of social assistance. I try to give some recommendation of the payment standards on social assistance, and also the discussion in legal level, hoping to help the "New Poverty" and "Near Poverty" people not to be at the edge of social assistance.

參考文獻


一、中文文獻
(一)書籍
內政部編印,《自立脫貧方案操作手冊》,2005年12月,台北:內政部。
內政部社會司,《社會救助法規彙編》,2005年12月1日,台北:內政部社會司。
《立法院公報》,第85卷66期2888號,1996年12月,頁149-190。

被引用紀錄


廖于慧(2013)。臺北市貧窮家庭與社會救助服務之互動〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342%2fNTU.2013.10175

延伸閱讀