保護令對受暴婦女的影響:一個歷程的探討

本研究之研究範疇為保護令對受暴婦女的影響，研究目的為:(一)探討受暴婦女保護令的聲請、擁有、期滿之經驗與感受、(二)暸解保護令對受暴婦女人身安全、心理精神、及生活適應所帶來的影響、(三)根據上述探討提出對家庭暴力防治之相關建議。本研究採取現象學之典範，質性研究的方法，以立意抽樣中的標準抽樣，為主要資料蒐集的方式。研究樣本來源，主要由台北現代婦女基金會及北部與中部二個縣市政府家庭暴力及性侵害防治中心所協助提供。根據研究方法，從中選取十一位經歷保護令歷程的受暴婦女進行深度訪談。本研究之重要發現如下: 1.在受暴婦女保護令聲請與核發階段，發現聲請保護令動機，為不想再過暴力生活，當暴力已危及個人與孩子的生命安全，故希望可藉由保護令抑制暴力。在法庭經驗裡，被法官認同與不被認同的經驗上，被認同婦女會有被相信的力量，而不被認同的則是有挫折感；另外在保護令聲請過程的心情受暴婦女同時因面臨角色的轉變，以及對聲請過程的不確定感而有很多的擔心與害怕。 2.研究發現保護令在核發後，予以受暴婦女正義被伸張的感受；而在擁有保護令的影響發現:人身安全面向，主要是保障生命免再受傷害、公權力得以介入；生活適應面向上，生活逐漸穩定、自主性提升，並進入一個自我療癒與恢復的期間；心理精神的部份:則讓受暴婦女有一種安全感；代表著一種法律效益，並覺得自己是擁有POWER。 3.本研究在保護令歷程中，發現保護令不同階段會對受暴婦女帶來直接與間接的影響效應；這歷程發展中，保護令不同階段的相互影響，產出最後保護令期滿後的間接影響為:發展出自我肯定與認同、自我的掌控感提升、發展正向特質、、與他人互動態度轉變、能夠與他人表達內心想法、從受害者變成助人者、積極改變社會環境、敢向權威挑戰等；其中過程的正式及非正式支持系統，亦包括受暴婦女個人特質與狀態，對於受暴婦女會有正向及負向的影響力量，並同時帶來受暴婦女保護力歷程個人層次、人際互動層次、及社會政治層次的影響及改變。 4.研究結果也發現，保護令對於受暴婦女具有希望與機會、轉折點與選擇的象徵性意義，同時是個通往另一條路的管道媒介；而精神層面的功能則包含:支持陪伴的朋友、維護自尊與名譽、刺激個人思考及面對問題、並賦予婦女增權的力量。最後，依據本研究結論與討論，針對家庭暴力防治之實務工作及未來研究等兩方面，提供相關意見供各界參考。

關鍵字

受暴婦女；保護令；保護令歷程

並列摘要

This study aimed to investigate the impacts of protection order on female victims of domestic violence. There are three research purposes : (1) to discuss the experience and feelings of female victims during the petitioning, possessing, and after expiration of the protection order; (2) to understand the impacts of protection order on victims’ personal safety, mental health, and life adaptation; and (3) to propose suggestions for prevention of domestic violence. This study adopted a paradigm of phenomenology and qualitative research, and conducted purposive sampling to collect samples. The main sources of samples were from Modern Women’s Foundation, two county/city Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Protection Centers in northern and central Taiwan. There are 11 female victims who had received protection order were selected for in-depth interview. The findings are as follows: First, when female victims are in the process of filing for protection order, their motives including: ending domestic violence, and hoping protection order could help them release when abuser’s violence has endangered their or their children’s lives. In the court experience, victims whom the judges identify with would have power of being believed, while those whom the judges do not identify with would feel frustration and setback. Also, when filing for protection order, the female victims face the changes of the roles, and feel anxiety and fear toward the uncertainty of the filing process. Secondly, after the protection order is issued, female victims would feel that justice has been served. For those who have protection order, in the aspect of personal safety, the protection order can prevent new harms and represent the protection of judicial power. In the aspect of life adaptation, the protection order brings female victims a more stable life, with higher autonomy, and helping them entering a period of self-healing and recovery. More, in the aspect of mental health, the protection order brings a sense of security, and represents a legal efficacy, enhancing female victims to feel that they have their own power. Thirdly, in the period of owning protection order, victims receive direct, indirect and reciprocal influences during different stages. The indirect influence of protection order upon its expiration is that victims could develop a sense of self-affirmation and identification, stronger feeling of control, positive personality characteristics, improved interpersonal relationship, be willing to express their thoughts, become as helpers, act proactively to change social norms, and challenge the authorities. During the course, the formal and informal support systems and victims’ personal traits and status all have positive and negative influences on victims, and these influences and changes are spread on personal level, interpersonal level, and socio-political levels. Fourthly, the results also indicate that protection order gives female victims hope and opportunities, is symbolic for turning point and choice, and is a channel to a new path. The psychological functions include: supportive friends, maintaining self-respect and dignity, stimulation self-reflection of problems, and empower the women. Finally, based on the conclusions and discussion, suggestions to the practical work of domestic violence prevention and future studies are provided.