單親父親親職實踐與社會支持之研究－以離婚經濟弱勢者為例

The parenthood of single father and social support－the divorced economic disadvantaged cases

張碩文(Shuo-Wen,Chang)

指導教授 ： 詹宜璋

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/社會政策與社會工作學系/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/NCNU.2009.00144

摘要

有鑒於單親家庭日益的增加，而男性單親的成長率又比女性高，但是男性社會化過程中較少學習到親職實踐，故在家庭照顧上面，單親男性所面臨的調適挑戰可能不比單親女性低。單親男性成為單親後要維持收入又要面臨家庭主要照顧者的角色，經濟好的單親父親可以透過購買服務來減輕壓力，而經濟弱勢的單親父親就要透過社會支持來協助。
本研究運用深度訪談訪問了9位單親父親，分享經濟弱勢的單親父親在親職實踐的情況，以及其社會支持對親職實踐所發揮的影響。研究結果發現：
一、 大部分的單親父親認為親職實踐內容不該區分性別，而要視當時的工作與能力狀況而定，哪一方有能力，就去執行親職實踐；且他們對性別分工的態度並不會直接影響其親職實踐。
二、 研究中發現有些父親在單親前就有在執行親職實踐，這樣的經驗對單親父親在單親後親職實踐就會比較容易；就算之前沒有親職實踐者單親後不得已就必須要去學習。
三、 單親父親親職實踐的內容，會被父親所重視的面向、父親的能力與孩子的狀況影響著。
四、 親職實踐會影響經濟弱勢單親父親的層面，經濟與工作是最常被提到的，因為花在家裡的時間變多，要學習扮演家中所有的角色，相對花在外面工作、經濟的維持就會比較少。
五、 當單親父親提到壓力的時候，最廣泛被提及的就是經濟的壓力了；另外還有親職實踐的壓力。在經濟壓力與親職實踐壓力之下，又沒有人可以幫助單親父親，心裡被家族遺棄的無力感油然而生。
六、 對單親父親來說，訊息性支持與工具性支持是比較容易得到的，相較於前面兩者，情感性支持是單親父親比較缺乏的部份。家庭內部孩子給予的支持對單親父親是很重要的。
單親家庭的數據日益攀升，但台灣對於單親家庭所做的福利措施並不夠，國家應該要對於這一群相較於雙親家庭屬於弱勢的人口群扮演更積極的角色。孩子不只是單親父親的責任，而是整個社會與國家的責任。故本研究在最後建議政府與民間社福單位可以優先協助之事項包括：協助經濟弱勢單親父親尋找兼顧工時彈性與穩定薪資的工作、協助安置經濟弱勢單親兒童之課後照顧、協助經濟弱勢單親兒童之課後輔導；同時並建議學校可作為福利資源的宣傳管道、單親服務機構可多提供訊息與情感性的協助。

關鍵字

單親父親 ； 經濟弱勢者 ； 親職實踐 ； 社會支持

並列摘要

In view of the proportion of single-parent family is growing rapidly, and the growth rate of single father is higher than single mother among those families. However, male are less to learn parenthood during the socialization process, the challenges of role adaption they faced are possibly harder than the female one. When the father becomes a single parent, they have to face two important issues, income maintaining and family care. The single fathers with better income that can alleviate the pressure through the purchase of services, but for the worse ones, they only can be helped with social support.
This research visited 9 single fathers by using depth-interview; they shared their experiences of economic disadvantage in their parenting practices, and how the social support influenced the implementation. The main findings are as follow:
1. On the issue of the sex division of labor, single fathers considered the parenting practices should not distinguish by gender, instead, it should depends on the abilities and working condition, which one has the abilities, then implement it. And their attitude toward the sex division of labor will not directly affect their parenting practices.
2. This research discovered that some fathers that had executed parenting practice before they become single parent, with such experiences make their parenthood practice quite easier. Those who without such experiences before, they must to learn the parenthood practices after becoming single parent.
3. The content of the single father's parenting practice will be influenced by the aspect they emphasize, father's abilities, and the child's condition.
4. Parenting practices will impact upon the disadvantaged single father's finance and job, they spend more time at home to learn how to play whole roles in family, relatively, spend less time on job and income maintaining.
5. When the single father referred to the pressures, the most widely mentioned are the pressures from finance and parenting practices. Under the circumstance with both pressures, if no one gives them a hand, the sense of powerless and abandoned will grow up.
6. For single father, message support and instrumental support are more available, compared to the previous two supports, emotional support is relatively inadequate. Family for their support of children of single fathers is very important. The support from the family, such the support of child is important to single father.
The amount of single-parent families is growing up rapidly, but the welfare for the single-parent families still inadequate in Taiwan; in this situation the State should play an active role. Children are not only the responsibility of (single parent) family, but also the responsibility of whole society and State. In the final of this study, researcher provides some suggestions to government and NGOs, which includes: helping single father to get the job both with flexible working hours and stable salary, help to resettle the finance disadvantaged single-parent children with the after-school care. Researcher also suggest that the school should be an agent to offer the information of welfare resources, and the single parent service agencies could provide more information and emotional support programs to single fathers.

並列關鍵字

single father ； economic disadvantaged ； parenthood ； social support

參考文獻

中文文獻

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