公私協力－雲林縣消防局義消志工運用於消防救災之探討

林進龍(Lin-Chin Lung)

指導教授 ： 蔡榮祥

國立中正大學/社會科學院/政治學系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

近年來由於溫室效應之影響，加以氣候變遷，整個大自然的現象發生巨大的改變。八八風災，造成整個小林村瞬間被土石流掩埋，2011年3月11日發生於日本宮城縣的大地震引發海嘯，並造成核子輻射危機等，均證明災害發生時需投入大量人力、物力。目前除國軍之外，對消防機關而言，當面對於上述大規模災害或需要長時間投入大量人力之災害搶救時，第一時間及長時期的後勤支援仍需賴義消及志工組織協助，方能圓滿達成任務。
　　本研究的目的在探討公部門雲林縣消防局在執行整個消防救災的過程中，如何有效運用私部門的義消志工，及公私部門透過不同的互動模式產生不同的治理成效，並發掘問題，解決問題。在研究方法上，藉由文獻分析了解有關消防、義消志工間之各項文獻資料；個案研究以實務上發生於古坑鄉草嶺村實際所發生之災害案例，探討警義消如何公私協力達成任務及面臨實務上潛在問題；深度訪談則訪問共22位義消、志工及消防人員，試圖從各種不同之角度觀點探討義消志工公私協力之優缺點。
　　在研究架構上，探究消防人員與義消志工間，平時相處模式宜以平等相互尊重行之；救災時涉及專業搶救時，消防人員此時應站在指導者之角色，以上對下模式指導義消志工進行救災、救護任務。整體而言，義消志工雖有管理不易、政治力介入分隊運作等問題，但對消防工作之助力遠大於阻力，以現階段雲林縣消防局消防人力不足之狀況下，義消志工對消防救災、救護仍扮演著相當重要之協助角色，政府相關部門應重視義消志工老化、缺額及裝備不足問題，適時召募新人並酌予購置救災裝備，以維護義消志工之人身安全。

關鍵字

公私協力 ； 互動模式 ； 志工管理 ； 治理

並列摘要

Disaster issues have been discussed because the public and governments suffer the unpredictable threat of disasters. Based on previous disaster experiences, we realized the importance of abundant resources needed to use during the disaster. Because Taiwan is located in the high disaster region, fire departments in Taiwan governments have gradually developed their own procedures of responding disaster. However, fire departments have limited resources in disaster rescue.
Volunteer Firemen is important for disaster rescue because they can offer the immediate assistance when disasters occur. In addition, when disasters cause a long-term Volunteer Firemen play vital role in offering support and assistance to fire Branches in local levels.
This study mainly explore how Fire Bureau in Yunlin County apply volunteer firemen in disaster rescue process, what public-private partnerships between Volunteer Firemen and fire branches are, and the effects of their partnerships..
Based on the literature review, this study combs the relative research regarding Public-Private Partnerships between Fire Branch and Volunteer Firemen.
The disaster cases in Gukeng Township are discussed in this study in order to explore how volunteer firemen participate disaster relief tasks and what kinds of potential problems they face in disaster rescue process. There are 22 interviewers including in this study in order to understand the pros and cons of Public-Private Partnerships between Fire Branch and Volunteer Firemen from differ views of Firemen of Fire Bureau and Volunteer Firemen.
This study indicates that the interaction between Firemen of Fire Bureau and Volunteer Firemen should adopt top-down style during the disaster rescue process. Generally, Firemen of Fire Bureau should play the role of director to exert the top-down model to coordinate and guide Volunteer Firemen during the disaster rescue process.
It is true that Volunteer Firemen participating disaster relief tasks offer many assistance to Firemen of Fire Burea. However, generally, there are some problems regarding volunteer management and political interruption in Volunteer Firemen organizations, and these problems limit the operation of volunteer organizations and may become an obstacle for Fire Branches.
Developing Public-Private Partnerships between Volunteer Firemen organizations and Fire Bureau is the vital task for Fire Bureau in Yunlin County because many Fire Branches in Yunlin County has limited human resources and heavily rely on the assistance of Volunteer Firemen. This study suggests that governments should pay more attention on the issues of Volunteer Firemen ageing, the Volunteer Firemen vacancy in some Fire branches, and the lack of related fire equipments. In addition, governments should recruit new Volunteer Firemen periodically, purchase the disaster rescue equipments, and emphasize the safety of Volunteer Firemen in disaster rescue process.

並列關鍵字

public-private partnerships ； interaction model ； volunteer management ； governance

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