國人對於瘦肉精管制政策之意見分析

Analysis of the Citizens’ Opinions towards the Regulatory Policy for β-agonist

吳名彬(Ming-Pin Wu)

指導教授 ： 李佩珊

國立中正大學/社會科學院/政治學系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

瘦肉精（乙型受體素之俗稱）使用於經濟動物可提高瘦肉比例及飼料換肉率，但可能殘留於動物體內而經由畜產品被民眾食入。我國已於2012年9月11日開放進口牛肉准許有0.01 ppm萊克多巴胺（Ractopamine）之殘留，但因瘦肉精之管制攸關民眾食用畜產品安全，故此議題深受社會大眾關心，也由單純的食品安全問題演變成為國內政治角力事件，並牽動臺美關係。本研究主要是分析國人對於瘦肉精管制政策之意見及探討我國畜產品瘦肉精管制政策，包括國內現行管制措施及對國外輸入肉品之管制措施。
管制已經成為主要的政府行政或公共政策型態，而管制政策早已成為政府最核心的功能之一，本研究瘦肉精管制政策屬於社會管制，社會管制通常被視為是保護公民和消費者利益，特別在有關於品質標準、安全水準及污染的控制上。本研究經由文獻探討及訪談結果歸納分析，有如下之發現，包括：「民眾對瘦肉精管制政策信任不足」、「政府對乙型受體素原料來源無法掌握」、「非法業者變換使用品項躲避監測」、「政策說明及風險評估不足」、「民眾肯定牛豬分離政策並期待政府堅守豬肉不開放」、「落實牛肉原產地強制標示」、「開放含Ractopamine牛肉進口有政治及經貿因素考量」、「進口豬肉仍不得檢出Ractopamine似難符合SPS協定規範」、「開放含Ractopamine美牛進口為零和賽局政策」等。由本研究之發現進而整理出五點具體政策建議，包括「改善現有管制措施避免管制失靈，提升管制信任度」、「積極推動生產履歷認證制度」、「堅持牛豬分離政策並妥善因應國際間訴求」、「加強政策宣導及溝通並提供民眾充足且必要之資訊」、「政策規劃及執行避免零和賽局，爭取創造雙贏機會」等，可作為未來政府相關政策訂定或修改之參考。

關鍵字

瘦肉精 ； 乙型受體素 ； Ractopamine ； 管制政策 ； 社會管制

並列摘要

β-agonist is used to feed the animals to increase their lean meat proportion and the feed conservation ratio. However, there is the possibility that it is retained in the animal’s body, and later on ingested by people after eating the livestock products. Since Sept. 11, 2012, Taiwan has permitted the importation of beef with a residual of 0.01 ppm Ractopamine, but the control of β-agonist is necessary for people’s safety when they consume livestock products. Therefore, the public is deeply concerned with this issue, which has shifted from being just a pure food safety issue to a political debate, and has also affected the Taiwan-U.S. relationship. This study is mainly to analyze the citizens’ opinions towards the regulatory policy for β-agonist and explore the policy of banning the β-agonist in livestock products, including the existing domestic regulatory policy and the regulatory policy for imported meat products.
Regulation has already been the primary role of governmental administration or public policies, and creating regulatory policies has become one of the core functions of the government. In this study, β-agonist belongs to social regulation , which is usually considered to protect the benefits of citizens and consumers, especially when it comes to controlling the quality standards, safety level and pollution. Through the literature review, summation and analyses of interview results, this study obtains the findings as follows: citizens show insufficient confidence towards the regulatory policy for β-agonist; the government is not successful in determining the source of β-agonist feed; the illegal practitioners mix the products with β-agonist to avoid inspection; governmental instruction and risk evaluation are not enough; the citizens show a positive attitude towards the policy of separating pork from beef and insist the banning of β-agonist on pork; labeling the origin of beef should be made compulsory; the permission for the importation of beef containing Ractopamine considers political and foreign trade factors; the imported pork shouldn’t contain Ractopamine, which seems unable to conform to the SPS Standards Regulations; the permission for the importation of beef containing Ractopamine from the U.S. is a policy of zero-sum game. Based on the findings, this paper proposes five specific suggestions for the policy namely, improving the current regulatory policy to avoid the regulatory failure that is currently happening and enhance the people’s trust towards the regulatory policy; actively promoting the Traceability System of products; maintaining the policy of separating pork from beef and coping with the international demands; strengthening the policy advocating and providing adequate and necessary information to the citizens; the policy planning and implementation should avoid the zero-sum game, and striving to create the opportunity for a mutually beneficial result. These could serve as reference for the government in formulating or revising the related policies.

並列關鍵字

β-agonist ； Ractopamine ； Regulatory policy ； Social regulation

參考文獻

行政院農業委員會，《101年度加強飼料生產與衛生安全管理計畫》，頁2-4。

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