本研究旨在探討大專院校競技啦啦隊選手的參與動機、運動倦怠與退出意圖之間的關係,以2016年參與「104學年度大專院校啦啦隊錦標賽」之男女混合團體、全女團體項目之公開、一般組選手,共計362位研究對象。以不同性別、入學身份、參與年資、最佳成績、平均每星期練習天數與參賽組別的選手,分析在參與競技啦啦隊活動時的參與動機、運動倦怠與退出意圖的差異情形,並以逐步迴歸分析參與動機與運動倦怠對退出意圖的預測情況,研究結果發現: 一、參與動機以「內在動機」最能維持選手參與競技啦啦隊的熱情;運動倦怠以 「情緒與身體的耗竭」對選手的倦怠程度較高;選手對於競技啦啦隊有較低 的退出意圖。 二、大專院校競技啦啦隊選手在不同入學身份與參賽組別對參與動機有差異;每 星期不同的練天數對運動倦怠有差異;不同性別與入學身份在退出意圖有差 異。 三、參與動機的「內在動機」、「外在調節」與運動倦怠的「對運動貶價」、「情緒 與身體耗竭」對退出意圖有預測能力。 從研究結果可以得知,大多選手因為興趣與享受練習過程而參與競技啦啦隊,但對太多的訓練量會感到生、心理的倦怠,對於退出的意圖不高;運動績優生與公開組選手較重視升學資格與獎學金,練習天數較少選手在競技啦啦隊中失去熱情、沒有獲得成就感,女性與參與年資較少的選手有較高退出意圖。因此本研究建議參與公開組與招收運動績優生的學校,增加運動績優入學名額,與提供學雜費、住宿全免等誘因,會使選手的招募上更為容易;教練應注意選手能力給予適當目標,避免挫折造成退出的念頭產生。 關鍵詞: 競技啦啦隊、參與動機、運動倦怠、退出意圖
This study aimed to explore the relationship among motivation, burnout and dropout intention of college cheerleaders. There were 362 college cheerleaders, from the mixed and all-female groups in both premier and elite divisions in 2016 University Cheerleading Championship, participated in this study. The study examined whether there were differences of motivation, burnout, and dropout intention among demographic groups, and whether motivation and burnout could predict dropout intention. The major findings were as followed: 1. For cheerleaders, intrinsic motivation is the most influent reason to keep their enthusiasm; emotional and physical exhaustion is the major reason for burnout, and they have relatively low dropout intention. 2. Cheerleaders rated motivation differerently by their athlete identities and competition divisions; burnout by practiced days; and dropout intention by gender and practiced years. 3. Devaluation of sport, emotional and physical exhaustion, intrinsic motivation, and external regulation effectively predict cheerleaders’ dropout intention. College cheerleaders enjoy the engagement process in cheerleading, but too much practice may lead to emotional and physical exhaustion. Student athletes in premier division care about the availability of scholarships. Cheerleaders who were female, practiced fewer days per week, and with fewer practice years tend to have higher dropout intention. Schools could increase cheerleaders’ motivation by increasing the quota of student athlete, scholarships, and other financial supports to the cheerleaders. To avoid dropout intention, coaches should set appropriate goals for cheerleaders according to their abilities. Keyword : Cheerleading, Motivation, Burnout, Dropout Intention
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