赴日打工度假者參與動機、跨文化適應對自我實現影響之研究

打工度假是有別於傳統旅行，包含了工作、旅遊、文化體驗，自 2009 年政府開放日本打工度假制度後，申請人數逐年增加，至今成為國人最想前往打工度假之國家。為此，本研究旨在探討赴日打工度假參與者參與動機、跨文化適應對自我實現之影響關係。本研究以曾參與日本打工度假之參與者為調查範圍與對象，共發出 425 份問卷，回收有效問卷為 418 份，有效回收率達 98%。研究結果顯示，受訪者以男性居多、年齡以 26~30 歲為最多、職業以服務業為最多、月收入以 20001~30000 元為最多、教育程度以大專院校為最多、感情狀況以單身為最多。參與者對參與動機、跨文化適應與自我實現皆屬中上程度；參與動機、跨文化適應對自我實現有顯著正向影響，其中以跨文化適應的影響力最高；參與者之個人基本資料在參與動機、跨文化適應與自我實現中皆有部分顯著差異。本研究建議欲前往打工度假的參與者必須調整本身之心態，不要抱持著遊玩的態度，這樣才能使打工度假更加順利，也能達到本身之自我實現；另外政府單位可以鼓勵參與者前往偏遠地區及提高時薪，讓參與者不會全部前往都市地區，也能帶動偏遠地區的觀光活動。

關鍵字

參與動機；跨文化適應；自我實現

並列摘要

Working holiday is different from traditional travel, including work, travel, and cultural experience, in which you can work legally in the local area to earn insufficient travel expenses. The applicants are getting more and more by years since the government opened the “Japan Working Holiday” in 2009. Become the country where Chinese people most want to go to working Holiday. This research took the Working Holiday Participants in Japan as the objects, and 418questionnaires out of 425 were collected, the effective response rate is 98%. The results showed that the gender rate of male, with age of 26-30, profession of service industries, monthly income of NT $ 20,001~30,000, university level of education, affection status of single, and middle district. Regression analysis showed the Among Motivation, Cross-culture Adaptation, and Self-achievement have a significant positive impact on behavioral intension, with the Cross-culture Adaptation a higher degree of impact. MANOVA showed that Among Motivation, Cross-culture Adaptation, and Self-achievement had a significant difference with the subjects personal information.