淺談特教觀點之智能障礙兒少司法扶助

自民國60年代開始，隨著臺灣經濟社會思維成熟發展，對於身心障礙者的人格維護、經濟安全、照顧支持以及獨立生活機會等諸多政策更加周延縝密。其中關於司法扶持項目，特別是身心障礙兒少於司法程序權益保障，尤顯得社會進步表徵與對於身心障礙者高度關懷的意義。本文藉由文獻回顧方法，分析智能障礙兒少臨床特徵，同時探討若智能障礙兒少進入司法程序可能扮演之角色，並且檢視現行法規保護範疇。再者，以司法詢訊問程序為例，探討智能障礙兒少因語言理解與認知能力異於一般人，所導致在取證上的難題，而有引入NICHD詢訊問技巧，建立司法實務人士正確程序認知之必要。又，該詢訊問技巧的核心觀念如何結合特殊教育，預先為具有特殊教育需求兒少提供相關能力輔導，達到有效降低司法錯誤風險，為本文探討核心議題。對於身心障礙者的法律權益保護有諸多途徑，其中始於教育體系的特教可謂為根本之道。另一方面，由於兒少身心發展尚不成熟，社會知識與生活經驗相對單純，在面對司法過程需要高度關懷與協助。因此，如何結合特敎與法律予以身心障礙者最直接扶持，值得吾人深入探討。

關鍵字

特殊教育；智能障礙；司法扶助

並列摘要

Based on economic growth and social development, the social welfare has become more completed in Taiwan. Particularly, the social welfare system for people with disabilities, including human rights, economy, culture, education and legal assistance, etc. The goal of legal assistance is set up for protecting the person with disabilities from hurt. It shows that social progress of Taiwan has been so apparent over the last few years since 1970s. Since the education is very important and fundamental to the advanced society, the purpose of this article is to discuss the issue on integration of the special education with legal assistance. Therefore, the article will develop two basis viewpoints, the former, to integrate legal courses into special education; the latter, to improve cognitive ability of judicial officials in special education. Firstly, the article analyzes what typical characteristics the intelligent disorder has. Subsequently, discussing the dilemmas of the intelligent disorder who faces the case of judgment. Finally, the article will emphasize a viewpoint on particular interrogation skills named NICHD for disabled students. By providing this kind of legal assistance, the disabled students could avoid the dilemmas in a law case.