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Sensescape of the Low and Social Space in Down and Out in Paris and London

《巴黎倫敦流浪記》的下層感官風景與社會空間

摘要


This article argues that the verbal representation of senses in Down and Out in Paris and London helps embody the social space proposed by Henri Lefebvre in his discussion of the production of space. Emphasizing in particular the olfactory sense, the haptic sense, and the sense of hunger, I contend that Orwell's semifactual synaesthesiac depiction of squalid urban peripheries satirically sketches the isolated, self-alienated social relations of the working class in the early-twentiethcentury- capitalistic European metropolises. It appropriates Paul Rodaway's concept of "sensuous geographies," along with a more recent idea of "sensescape," to illustrate how senses figure in the differentiation of Lefebvrian social space. The verbalization of senses, such as bad smell and hunger, I argue, helps virtualize the reality and materiality of poverty. Through the depiction of sensescape, the narrative makes explicit the isolation of the workers and their alienation from their own subjectivities and the lived space they are caught in. By repositioning Orwell's journalistic account in the context of the production of sensuous urban space and rethinking the urban experience through how city inhabitants react and adapt themselves to the urban landscape, I attempt to explore the following questions: how the reconsideration of interactions among the mind, the body, and the environment can make possible an interrogation of everyday life, how the body answers the stimuli of living environments conditioned by class with its sensory experiences, and how this sensory reaction in turn changes the shaping of urban landscape. I thus use Orwell's book as an example to explore the dynamism between the sensory, the spatial, and the verbal. By using Orwell's narrative of urban peripheries as the analyzed corpus, I hope to illustrate that how individuals and collectives react to a changing sensory environment have gradually been playing a determining role on the production of emotional dynamism and urban landscape in global cities.

並列摘要


本文探討《巴黎倫敦流浪記》(Down and Out in Paris and London)的感官語言再現如何具現了駱斐博(Henri Lefebvre)的社會空間,論辯歐威爾(GeorgeOrwell)對城市邊緣的聯覺描述勾勒了二十世紀初歐洲大都會工人階級疏離的社會關係。結合羅德威(Paul Rodaway)在「感官地理」提及的「感官風景」,本文闡明感官在社會空間分化中的重要性。通過感官風景的描述,敘述體可具體呈現工人的疏離主體與陷入的居住空間。重置歐威爾的紀錄於城市感官空間生產的脈絡,本文探討下列議題:重思心靈、身體、環境的互動是否可用於探究日常生活;身體如何回應受階級制約的環境刺激;感官反應如何反向改變城市風景。筆者析論感官、空間、語言的力度,冀望說明個人和集體對感官環境的回應如何在全球城市情感力度和城市風景的生產上扮演重要角色。

參考文獻


Allsworth, Andrew(2015).Down and Out in Paris and London and Voyage in the Dark: Experiencing the Metropolis and Its Margins.The Literary London Journal.12(1-2),22-33.
Beadle, Gordon B.(1975).George Orwell and the Victorian Radical Tradition.Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies.7(4),287-99.
Carr, Craig L.(2010).Orwell, Politics, and Power.New York:Continuum.
Classen, Constance,Howes, David,Synnott, Anthony(1994).Aroma: The Cultural History of Smell.London:Routledge.
Douglas- Fairhurst, Robert(ed.)(2010).London Labour and the London Poor.Oxford:Oxford UP.

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