台灣中醫師與中藥商對保育動物入藥現況之調查研究

A Study of Traditional Pyysicians and Pharmacists on Use of Endangered Animals in Traditional Medicine in Taiwan

張鴻仁(Hong-Jen Chang) ； 陳志強(Chih-Chiang Chen) ； 曹偉(Wei Tsauer) ； 郭旭崧(Hsu-Sung Kuo) ； 蕭美玲(Mei-Ling Hsiao) ； 周碧瑟(Pesus Chou)

《中華公共衛生雜誌》 17卷1期 (1998/02) Pp. 36-47

https://doi.org/10.6288/CJPH1998-17-01-05

摘要

本研究主要目的是針對衛生署列為涉及野生動物保育類之十四種中藥進行研究，以結構性問卷進行資料收集，藉以了解國內中醫師及中藥商對其療效、替代品、市場流量以及禁用後可能的損失等的看法與現況。
本研究是以分層隨機取樣的方式，從全國二千六百多位中醫師及八千餘家中藥商中分別抽出兩百名中醫師及四百家中藥商，由國立陽明大學醫學系五年級六位學生，分駛兩部汽車於1995年暑假期間走訪全省，按抽出的樣本，逐一拜訪。
本研究各縣市的平均受訪率，中醫師為75.4%，中藥商為71.4%。在各藥材的使用率方面，中醫師已由原先的20.9%降至8.9%，而中藥商對各藥材的平均使用率也由尚未禁用前的34.0%降至目前的9.2%。在是否贊成禁用方面，平均有69.5%的中醫師及58.9%的中藥商贊成禁用這些藥材。而在禁用後的影響方面，平均有90.4%的中醫師及70.1%的中藥商認為對收入沒有影響。此外，在替代品方面，平均有16.8%的中醫師及14.1%的中藥商認為這些藥材有替代品。禁用後的近兩年，中醫師與中藥商對各藥材的使用率與其年齡與教育程度並未呈現顯著意義的相關。
本研究的結果可作為將來主法及擬定政策的參考，也可以使國際保育團體對於國內目前野生動物入藥之真實情況有所了解，不為片面之見所誤導。

關鍵字

中醫師 ； 中藥商 ； 保育動物 ； 中藥材

並列摘要

The main goal of this study is to analyze the use of 14 types of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) made from endangered animal species in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire survey of TCM doctors and Chinese herbal dealer was used to determine 1) the perceived effectiveness of the drugs, 2) substitute drug options, 3) amount of sales, and 4) financial losses due to the drugs being made illegal.
The study population, 200 TCM doctors and 400 Chinese herbal medicine dealers, was determined by stratified random sampling from 2,600 registered TCM doctors and over 8,000 Chinese herbal medicine dealers registered in Taiwan. During the summer of 1995, six 5th-year medical students (National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan) traveled throughout Taiwan to interview the subjects.
The average response rates were 71.4% for Chinese herbal medicine dealers and 75.4% for doctors. Before prohibition, an average of 34.0% of Chinese herbal medicine dealers and 20.9% of doctors sold or prescribed one or more of the 14 drugs. At the time of the survey, only 9.2% of Chinese herbal medicine dealers and 8.9% of doctors continued to make use of any of the drugs on a regular basis. Though many of them had not used many of the drugs for some time, only 58.9% of Chinese herbal medicine dealers and 69.5% of doctors agreed to prohibition. 70.1% of Chinese herbal medicine dealers said they did not suffer financial losses, as opposed to 90.4% of the doctors. Both age and education level were factors for use of the 14 drugs before prohibition, but not in 1995 after at least 2 years of prohibition.
The results of the study may clarify some of those misunderstandings about the progress of endangered species protection in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

TCM doctors ； Chinese herbal medicine dealer ； endangered species ； Chinese herbal materials