青少女懷孕發生低出生體重與早產的危險性探討

Increased Risk for Low Birthweight and Preterm Birth in Teenage Pregnancy

傳瓊瑤(Chong-Yau Fu) ； 陸振翮(Jen-Her Lu) ； 吳欣玫(Hsin-Mei Wu) ； 王銘賢(Ming-Shang Wang) ； 陳淑貞(Shu-Jen Chen)

《中華公共衛生雜誌》 18卷3期 (1999/06) Pp. 228-234

https://doi.org/10.6288/CJPH1999-18-03-07

摘要

目標：近年來青少年社會問題層出不窮：暴力、雛妓、飆車、九月墮胎潮等，其中九月墮胎潮更是項隱憂。根據衛生署的統計資料，19歲以下的青少女生育，約5%左右；此部份不適育青少女，懷孕結果是否更不良，將是本研究探討的主題。方法：本研究的資料基本來源是衛生署民國82年至84年的電腦化出生通報登錄。以20-24歲為參考組，12-17、18-19歲為青少女；資料所屬醫院涵蓋榮總、門諾及馬偕；社經變項資料則另行調閱病歷，補抄錄。研究的選取條件是：懷孕週數24週以上、出生體重大於500公克、單胞胎且第一胎。資料經過整理、核對，最後得研究樣本數共約871人；12-19歲有296人，20-24歲（參考組）有575人。採用的統計方法有：勝算比（調整）的95%信賴區間(CI)及邏輯斯迴歸模式。結果：邏輯斯迴歸分析顯示：(1)低出生體重模式（共變項：教育程度與地區別），12-17、18-19歲孕婦的勝算是20-24歲的2.63倍(95% CI:1.07-6.49)、2.28倍(95% CI: 12-4.34);(2)早產模式（共變項：產檢與性別）12-17、18-19歲孕婦的勝算是20-24歲的1.88倍(95% CI: 0.89-3.95)、2、22倍(95% CI: 1.38~3.56)。結論：適當控制社經變項後，12-17、18-19歲青少女懷孕發生低出生體重與早產的危險性明顯高於20-24歲。因此，年齡是低出生體重與早產發生的重要因素，12-19歲是不適育的人生階段。

關鍵字

青少女懷孕 ； 低出生體重 ； 早產

並列摘要

Objectives: Teenage pregnancies have been and continue to be a social problem. From official reports, about 5% of births belong to teenage (＜19 years old) mothers. This study compares the pregnancy results for teenage mothers with 20-24 year-old pregnant mothers Methods: ”Computerized Medical Birth Registry, 1993-1995” was the main source of data. Data was gathered from hospitals including Veterans General Hospital, Memorial Hospital and Mackay Memorial Hospital. Meanwhile, the social economic variables were collected from the patients records at these three hospitals. The maternal ages of 12-17, 18-19 and 20-24 years were selected and all subjects met the following criteria: gestational age above 24 weeks, birthweight above 500g, singleton and the first parity. At total 871 birthweight included: 76 birthweight maternal age of 12-17 years, 220 births with maternal age of 18-19 years and 575 births with maternal age of 20-24 years. The statistical methods included 95% C.I. for (adjusted) odds ratio and logistic regression model. Results: When compared with subjects with maternal age of 20-24 years, the logistic regression modelsshowed that: maternal age of 12-17, 18-19 years had odds ratio 2.63 (95% Cl: 1.07-6.49), 2.28 (95% CI: 1.2-4.34) respectively for low birthweight while both education and location covariates included; maternal age of 12-17, 18-19 years had odds ratio 1.88 (95% CI: 0.89-3.95), 2.22 (95% CI: 1.38-3.56) respectively for preterm birth while both prenatal care and gender covariates included. Conclusions: Controlling for social-economic variables, teenage pregnancies had significantly higher risks for low birthweight or preterm births than mother 20-24 years old. Hence, very young age is an important risk factor for low birthweight or preterm birth.

並列關鍵字

teenage pregnancy ； low birthweight ； preterm birth