Objectives: This study analyzed physician manpower and specialty structure after the implementation of National Health Insurance, predicting and finding adaptive policy. Methods: The study utilized the Delphi Method and Grounded Theory Method to estimate future changes in physician manpower in Taiwan. Analysis of the questionnaire collected from 44 experts showed the following results. Results: First, implementation of National Health Insurance has had a greater influence on the structure of subspecialties than on physician manpower. Second, all other things being equal, there will be an uneven distribution of specialists in the future. There will be an excess of physicians in popular specialties and a shortage in unpopular specialties. In addition, physicians will flock to large hospitals, causing a shortage in small hospitals. Finally, an across-the-board evaluation of the reimbursement scheme is the top priority among the twenty-four proposals, whereas increasing the number government scholarship-sponsored medical students is the least favorable proposal. Conclusions: The results of this research can be used as a reference for lawmakers and administrators.