清代臺灣賦與臺灣竹枝詞之比較研究

The Comparison between Taiwanese Fu and Taiwanese Zhu-Zhi-Ci in Ching Dynasty

陳姿蓉(Tzu-Jung Chen)

《中華學苑》 56期 (2003/02) Pp. 113-145

https://doi.org/10.30406/JCA.200302_(56).0005

摘要

清代臺灣竹枝詞盛極一時，可說是臺灣風土詩；而臺灣賦摹寫風土，也有風土百科的稱號。如此一是臺灣風土詩，一是臺灣風土賦，兩種不同文體記載相同內容的分析比較，為本文主要的考察重點。至於研究取材範圍，臺灣賦是以志書上所載的三篇臺灣賦為主，即林謙光、高拱乾、王必昌三人的〈臺灣賦〉，都作於十八世紀前，之後就不再見到較全面敷寫臺灣的賦作繼出；竹枝詞則以「臺灣竹枝詞」為題的郁永河、薛約、謝金鑾、黃逢和、丘逢甲等人的作品為主，時問橫跨清代早中晚期，也就是十七、十八、十九三世紀，同樣挑選較全面誦詠臺灣的作品為代表來討論，以見其演變情形。
本文從臺灣賦與臺灣竹枝詞記載風土的內容異同考察起，擴及其作法差異、寫作動機與作品影響的比較。再從這些不同差異的分析裡，整理出兩者間相互影響的因素關係，然後又回到其各自文體的觀察上，以見賦體與竹枝詞體的演變發展之一端。
其次，本文也嘗試考察一些有爭議的風土註解，提出說明解釋，以還原當日土俗的風情面貌。最後，本文希望未來的臺灣風土詩與風土賦，在不斷吸收新作法與新內容的同時，也能涵融古典，截長補短，以別開生面，再創新局，充實臺灣風土文學的園地。

關鍵字

清代臺灣文學 ； 臺灣風土文學 ； 臺灣賦 ； 臺灣竹枝詞 ； 臺灣風土賦 ； 臺灣風土詩

並列摘要

Taiwanese Zhu-Zhi-Ci was very popular in Ching Dynasty, it could be considered as social customs’ poem of Taiwan. And Taiwanese Fu was called as Social Customs’ Encyclopedia. Thus, one is social customs’ poem of Taiwan, the other is social customs’ Fu of Taiwan, so analyzing and comparing these two different literary genres becomes the main work of this paper. As the researching subjects, Taiwanese Fu would be the three works of Lin Qian Guang、Gau Gong Qian、Wang Bi Chang which were written in Taiwan History Book. All of them were written before 18th Century, after that it’s rather difficult to find Fu which describing Taiwanese social customs. Zhu-Zhi-Ci selected the topic of “Taiwanese Zhu-Zhi-Ci” which were written by Yu Yong He、Xue Yue、Xie jin Luan、Huang Feng Chang、Qiu Feng Jia etc. The written time across the whole Ching Dynasty, therefore it’s from 1 ‘7” Century up to I 9th Century. This paper would start with the comparison between the social customs written in these two literary genres, then would compare the written styles and aims in them. Upon this result, could see the influences and developments between these two genres. Besides, explaining some rare customs is also an important work in this paper. At the end, we hope that Taiwanese Social Customs Fu and Zhu-Zhi-Ci in the future would absorb the experiences of classical literature then create a new era of Taiwanese Literature.

並列關鍵字

Taiwanese Literature in Ching Dynasty ； Taiwanese Social Literature ； Taiwanese Fu ； Taiwanese Zhu-Zhi-Ci ； Taiwanese Social Customs Fu ； Taiwanese Social Customs poems