外化而內不化：莊子論生命困境與精神自由

懸解生命的困境，實現精神的自由，是莊子哲學探討的核心問題。面對命限的人生，我執的成心，精神不得自由。是以，莊子提出安時處順而不失己之「外化而內不化」的人生處世哲學。試圖透過虛靜之體道工夫，導引人們以「無分別」之心，消解對立的二元概念，化除客觀知見與主觀情執的纏縛，由此達到精神上絕對的自由，也就是莊子「逍遙遊」的境界。經由精神境界的無限提昇，人們得以無待寬廣的心靈，悠遊於人間世，不再為生死、是非、得失、好惡之分別所困所擾，在精神的自由中，實現對生命困境的超越。

關鍵字

莊子；外化而內不化；生命困境；精神自由

並列摘要

It is the core issue of Zhuang-Zi's philosophy to resolve dilemmas in life and realize spiritual freedom. In face of the time-limited life, prejudice originating from attachment to the self prevents the spirit from being free. Thus Zhuang-Zi puts forward a life philosophy of adapting to the environment without losing oneself, ＂the outer world changes but the internal mind does not change with it.＂ Through efforts of self-cultivation toward equanimity, he attempts to guide people to dissolve binary oppositions and eliminate the entanglement of objective knowledge and subjective affection with the mind of ＂evenness,＂ thereby achieving absolute spiritual freedom or the status of ＂wandering in absolute freedom＂ in Zhuang-Zi's theory. Through endlessly spiritual improvement, people become able to travel around the world with their independent and broad minds. They will no longer be annoyed by the differences between life and death, gains and losses, and likes and dislikes but surpass plights of life with spiritual freedom.