金屬製品製造業作業危害評估與改善建議－個案研究

Ergonomics Risk Assessment and Interventions for the Fabricated Metal Products Manufacturing Industry - A Case Study

宋鵬程(Peng-Cheng Sung) ； 陳惠龍(Huey-Long Chen) ； 李正隆(Cheng-Lung Lee)

《人因工程學刊》 19卷1期 (2017/12) Pp. 29-41

https://doi.org/10.6273/JES.201712_19(1).0003

摘要

工作造成之肌肉骨骼傷害普遍存在於各行業中，金屬製品製造業為我國罹患手臂頸肩疾病之高風險行業之一。由於相關研究文獻鮮少論及台灣金屬製品製造業勞工之肌肉骨骼傷害危害風險，實有必要評估危害風險並提出人因預防或改善/介入措施以增進職場之安全與健康。本研究以中部某金屬工廠為對象，運用動作姿勢分析方法及生物力學分析方法評估五項現場作業。OWAS及RULA分析結果顯示，其中二項作業不良姿勢等級AC4/AL4佔各作業之25.4%和21.7%。五項作業不良姿勢等級AC3/AL3佔各作業之12.7%～100.0%。REBA分析發現其中二項作業不良姿勢等級AL4佔全工作64.6%和90.4%。本研究提出人因工程改善措施，經由績效評估顯示，建議之改善措施可有效降低不良姿勢危害之行動等級(AC)或行動水準(AL)。同時，可有效降低L4/L5椎間盤壓力負荷與肩關節所受力矩負荷。

關鍵字

金屬製造業 ； 金屬製品製造業 ； 肌肉骨骼傷害 ； 姿勢分析 ； 生物力學分析

並列摘要

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to work activities occur in a variety of industries. Fabricated metal products manufacturing industry is one of the high hazard industries in Taiwan with high risk of developing upper-extremity MSDs (UEMSDs). Currently, no articles were found assessing the risk level associated with developing work-related MSDs in Taiwan's fabricated metal products manufacturing industry. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the risk level and recommend ergonomics interventions to improve the safety and health in the work environment. This study used posture-based observational techniques and biomechanical analysis software to evaluate the risk levels of the tasks and the compressive forces and torque on the L4/L5 disc and shoulder joint. Then, recommend modifications/interventions to prevent/reduce risks associated with developing musculoskeletal disorders in fabricated metal products manufacturing industry. The results show that 25.4% and 21.7% of the working postures of two of the five tasks were classified into OWAS AC4 and RULA AL4 category/level. In addition, 12.7%~100% of the working postures of all five tasks were classified into OWAS AC3 and RULA AL3 category/level. For the REBA analysis of poor postures, 64.6% and 90.4% of the working postures of two of the five tasks fit into AL4 level. This study also provides ergonomics modification/intervention recommendations. The performance evaluations show that the AC/AL levels associated with poor working postures can be effectively reduced. The load on the L4/L5 disc and the torque on the shoulder joint can also be reduced.

並列關鍵字

Metal Manufacturing Industry ； Fabricated Metal Products Manufacturing Industry ； Musculoskeletal Disorders ； Posture Analysis ； Biomechanical Analysis