探析影響團隊凝聚力之教練領導行為因素－大專女子籃球隊之個案研究

緒論：本研究以Carron運動團隊凝聚力模式中的領導概念作為理論基礎，對Z大學女子籃球隊之團隊凝聚力進行實證研究，試圖分析理解Z大學女子籃球隊目前運作和經營方式，作為改善內部衝突與管理球隊措施之參考。方法：採用質性研究之半結構式訪談，以個案研究作為研究策略，訪談對象為參與Z大學女子籃球隊三年以上之六名隊員做為研究參與者，以三角驗證之分析方法來探討研究參與者對教練各種行為的感受及與教練互動之過程。結果：以Carron運動團隊凝聚力概念模式為基礎，對影響Z大學女子籃球隊團隊凝聚力的領導因素進行深入的探討，其五個構面訓練與指導行為、溝通行為、管理行為、關懷行為及獎勵行為皆有正面及負面之影響。結論：（1）教練無法給予確切的指令對團隊凝聚力具負面影響。（2）教練與球員間良性的溝通，對運動表現及團隊凝聚力具正面影響；反之，無法處理自我情緒將負面影響球員情緒和整體團隊氣氛。（3）無法有效規劃訓練計畫，且未以身作則並未嚴格執行團隊規定，組織鬆散對於團隊凝聚力具負面影響。（4）出席狀況良好之球員具較強的團隊凝聚力，教練給予球員的各種協助皆可建立良好的關係，進而正面影響團隊凝聚力，但未被教練關心之球員對團隊無法產生認同，具負面影響。（5）稱讚與鼓勵球員，提升球員自信心及成就感，正面影響團隊凝聚力；反之，球員無法判斷教練態度及認知上落差，對於團隊凝聚力無正面影響。

關鍵字

團隊凝聚力；教練領導行為；大學校隊；組織；認同

並列摘要

Based on the leading concept of Carron sports team cohesion model, this study adopts empirical research to explore the team cohesion of Z college women's basketball team (ZWB) and analyze its operation model, taking the results as a reference to improve the way it operates and resolve disputes. Using semi-structured interviews in qualitative research, this study adopts case study with six players who have participated in the ZWB for more than three years as research respondents and analyzes their feeling about the coach's leadership behavior and the interaction with the coach via the triangulation method. Based on the Carron sports team cohesion model, the study focuses on the good and bad impacts of the coach's leadership behavior on the team cohesion of ZWB, which are divided into five types, including training and guidance, communication, management, care, and reward. The results are as below: 1. Without specific guidance from the coach, there will be a negative influence over team cohesion. 2. Effective communication between the coach and players has a positive impact on team coherence. On the other hand, a coach with poor emotional management will have a bad impact on team cohesion. 3. Organizational slack such as the coach not having effective training plans or not following team rules will have a negative influence on team cohesion. 4. Good attendance and the coach's assistance and care can give rise to better team coherence. However, players who doesn't receive the coach's care tend to have difficulty in team identity. 5. Encouragement and reward improve players' confidence and the sense of achievement, which has a positive effect on team coherence. On the contrary, players not being able to understand and comprehend the coach's direction will lower team coherence.