日常生活、文化資產與地方發展：以「台東縱谷文化生活圈整合計畫－縱谷山海關」為例

本文以「台東縱谷文化生活圈整合計畫—縱谷山海關」為例，探討當代原住民地方社會在國家政策的推動下，注入以「文化」為基礎的社會發展動能，以地方文化館做為多重跨域及連結的推動單位。這種兼具觀光發展與文化傳承的文化觀念，在實踐的過程中，清楚呈現地方社會的發展是處在經濟發展與文化保存的辯證之中。在臺灣，進行區域性文化資產的跨域與連結，成為國家文化生活圈政策之核心目標，尤其對那些位處地理邊陲及文化多樣性的地區。透過國家文化政策的制訂並與地方發展計畫結合，地方社群發現他們不能自外於這樣的發展，而必須主動參與。2017年，臺東縣海端鄉布農族文化館、關山鎮農會米國學校農村文物故事館與新元昌紅茶產業文化館共同提出「台東縱谷文化生活圈整合計畫—縱谷山海關」，並成功獲得文化部「博物館與地方文化館發展計畫」的補助。該計畫獨特之處在於提出以新武呂溪為源頭之「台東縱谷文化生活圈」，試圖透過與產業結合的特色遊程，傳遞縱谷區域特有的文化生活集體形象，促進多元文化的相互認識與理解，進而創造一個更具規模與多元的區域合作發展。藉由檢視這個計畫的形成與執行過程，本文指出，從地方的角度來看，「文化資產」觀念是在國家政策制訂與執行過程中被形塑出來的，這樣的文化資產觀念從一開始就與國家及地方的發展意理緊密結合。透過國家以「文化資產」為基礎的政策主導，一方面為地方社會帶進新的社會發展量能；另一方面，地方社會的文化資產其實是國家社造資源投入及文化資產保存運用論述下形成的一種特殊範疇，並與觀光直接連動。在這個的過程中，地方社會的日常生活被理解成文化、產業與在地生活三個面向。這三個面向之間相互銜接、移動與轉換的過程，也成為原住民地方社會回應大社會發展的重要機制。

關鍵字

文化資產；地方發展；文化生活圈；地方文化館；文化治理

並列摘要

By examining the Cultural Living Community Integrating Plan in Taitung Valley - Shanhaikuan, this paper aims to investigate the contemporary Indigenous Community that has been infused into culture-oriented social developing mechanism through the promotion from state policy, and that has been making local cultural museums become the thrusting units of multiple field-crossing and connecting. Bringing into practice about this cultural concept of combining tourism development and cultural transmission, which could illustrate clearly that the development of local community is situated in the dialectic of economic development and cultural preservation. In Taiwan, to carry out field-crossing and connecting of regional cultural heritage has become a core goal of the state policy over developing cultural living communities, especially aiming for those peripheral regions with a variety of cultures. On account of the setting up of national policy of culture, also getting combined with local development projects, local communities in Taitung Rift Valley got aware that they should not get excluded from the developing trend, and they would participate in it actively instead. In the year of 2017, the Bunun Cultural Museum of Haiduan Township, the Rural Cultural and Historic Story Museum of Rice School of Guanshan Township Farmers' Association and the Xinyuanchang Black Tea Cultural and Industrial Museum jointly proposed this 'Cultural Living Community Integrating Plan in Taitung Rift Valley - Shanhaikuan', and successfully got the grant from the Ministry of Culture. The characteristics of this plan is to propose the Sinwulyu River originated Cultural Living Communities of Taitung Rift Valley, seeking to send out unique collective image of cultural living in the rift area by way of designing distinctive tour and industrial visiting programs, also will promote mutual recognizing and understanding among various cultures in the region and could even result in bigger scale and more various culture featured collaboration of communities. Through investigating the process of the formation and execution of this plan, this paper argues that viewing from the perspective of local community, the concept of cultural heritage was constructed from the process of policy making and executing, this kind of understanding of cultural heritage is closely connected with the national and local development from the very beginning. By means of the guidance from national policy which focused on valuing cultural heritage, could bring new developing energy into local societies on one hand, also on the other hand could form a special category of cultural heritage through the bestowing of national community building resources and the discussing of preservation and application for cultural heritage, which links directly to tourism as well. During the whole process, daily life of the local community would be understood as having culture, industry and local living three dimensions. The operation of these three dimensions connecting, shifting and transferring one another will become the important mechanism which works for the responding to the grand social development from the Indigenous Community.